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L’impact de l’aide au développement sur les flux commerciaux entre pays donateurs et pays récipiendaires

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  • Léopold BIARDEAU
  • Anne BORING

Abstract

Presque 10 ans après le lancement de l’initiative « Aide pour le commerce » par l’Organisation mondiale du commerce en 2005, cette étude analyse les mécanismes de transmission et les méthodes scientifiques de mesure des liens existants entre aide au développement et commerce bilatéral entre pays récipiendaires et pays donateurs. La littérature montre que l’aide a probablement un impact positif sur les exportations des pays donateurs, mais aussi des pays récipiendaires de l’aide. Pour un dollar d‘aide accordé, il est estimé que les exportations d‘un pays donateuraugmentent d‘environ 1,50 dollar. Par ailleurs, un dollar d‘aide accordé semble avoir un impact différent, bien que toujours positif, selon les pays récipiendaires : les exportations de ces pays augmentent de moins de un dollar à plus de trois dollars selon les régions du monde. Les aides visant à améliorer la qualité des infrastructures et des institutions semblent particulièrement efficaces afin de réduire les coûts de transport dans les pays en développement. Cependant, les résultats présentés dans la littérature existante doivent être pris avec précaution. Il serait eneffet nécessaire d‘appliquer les progrès économétriques qui ont été accomplis dans le domaine de la recherche sur le commerce international afin de vérifier la validité des résultats des études portant sur l’impact de l’aide au développement sur le commerce. Par ailleurs, ces analyses mériteraient d‘être approfondies en utilisant plusieurs mesures d‘aide au développement, car les variables d‘aide utilisées dans la littérature ne reflètent pas toujours de manière appropriée les efforts des pays donateurs. Les mécanismes par lesquels l’aide peut accroître les exportations sont par ailleurs encore peu identifiés, notamment en raison de la complexité des canaux de transmission par lesquels l’aide peut avoir un impact sur le commerce.

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  • Léopold BIARDEAU & Anne BORING, 2017. "L’impact de l’aide au développement sur les flux commerciaux entre pays donateurs et pays récipiendaires," Working Paper 464d860e-562e-4ae7-98f5-1, Agence française de développement.
  • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr779
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