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Geography, Biogeography and Why Some Countries are Rich and Others Poor

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Author Info
Hibbs Jr., Douglas A. (Department of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law, Göteborg University)
Olsson, Ola () (Department of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law, Göteborg University)

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Abstract

The most important event in human economic history before the Industrial Revolution was the Neolithic transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to sedentary agriculture, beginning about 10,000 years ago. The transition made possible the human population explosion, the rise of non-foodproducing specialists, and the acceleration of technological progress that led eventually to the Industrial Revolution. But the transitio n occurred at different times in different regions of the world, with big consequences for the present-day economic conditions of populations indigenous to each region. In this paper we show that differences in biogeographic initial conditions and in geography largely account for the different timings of the Neolithic transition, and thereby ultimately help account for the 100-fold differences among the prosperity of nations today. The effects of biogeography and geography on the wealth of nations are partly mediated by the quality of presentday institutions, but are also partly independent of institutional quality.

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File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/2780
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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Göteborg University, Department of Economics in its series Working Papers in Economics with number 105.

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Length: 22 pages
Date of creation: 25 Sep 2003
Date of revision: 15 Jan 2004
Publication status: Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 2004, pages 3715-3720.
Handle: RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0105

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Postal: Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University Box 640, SE 405 30 GÖTEBORG, Sweden
Phone: 031-773 10 00
Web page: http://www.handels.gu.se/econ/
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Related research
Keywords: geography; biogeography; institutions; economic growth; Neolithic transition; agriculture; development;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
N00 - Economic History - - General - - - General
N40 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, and Regulation - - - General, International, or Comparative
N50 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - General, International, or Comparative
O10 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
O30 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change - - - General
O40 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Swan, Trevor W, 2002. "Economic Growth," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 78(243), pages 375-80, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Robert J. Barro & Paul Romer, 1993. "Economic Growth," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number barr93-1.
    Other versions:
    • Robert J. Barro & Paul M. Romer, 1991. "Economic Growth," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number barr91-1.
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Maria Abreu & Henri L.F. de Groot & Raymond J.G.M. Florax, 2004. "Space and Growth," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 04-129/3, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
  2. Sudip Ranjan Basu, 2008. "A new way to link development to institutions,policies and geography," HEI Working Papers 04-2008, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies, revised Mar 2008. [Downloadable!]
  3. Louis Putterman & David N. Weil, 2008. "Post-1500 Population Flows and the Long Run Determinants of Economic Growth and Inequality," NBER Working Papers 14448, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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