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Hyper-mobilité et politiques publiques - Changer d'époque ?

Author

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  • Yves Crozet

    (IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - Université de Lyon, LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

L'hyper-mobilité n'est pas un slogan, c'est un constat. En France, chaque habitant parcourt plus de 40 km par jour, dix fois plus qu'il y a deux siècles. L'accroissement tendanciel des vitesses de déplacement est à l'origine de cette révolution qui a pu se réaliser sans accroître les budgets temps de déplacement, environ une heure par jour. Les marchandises ne sont pas en reste en matière d'hyper-mobilité. En ne prenant en compte que les transports domestiques, pour chaque habitant, 140 kg de marchandises sont déplacés chaque jour sur 100 km ! Après avoir établi l'évidence de l'hyper-mobilité, l'ouvrage en présente les fondements : une hausse tendancielle des revenus qui fait du temps disponible le bien le plus précieux. La même logique pousse à l'hyper-connectivité, une autre façon de « gagner du temps ». La société du temps libre est donc paradoxalement une société du temps rare. La recherche du temps gagné se heurte à des limites individuelles mais aussi collectives notamment économiques, énergétiques et environnementales. C'est ainsi que, progressivement, nous changeons d'époque ce qui ne signifie pas catastrophe ou régression. Le « monde fini » dans lequel nous entrons n'est pas celui de la dernière goutte de pétrole ou du retour généralisé à la pénurie. Il ne sera pas non plus celui de la fin des embouteillages grâce aux voitures automatiques, ou du règne des avions supersoniques et des trains à 1 000 km/h. Plus simplement, nous allons devoir composer avec deux « innovations » importunes et pourtant opportunes : - le progrès technique dans les transports continuera à cibler les gains de temps, mais pas sous la forme d'un accroissement des vitesses de déplacement ; - le subventionnement systématique de la mobilité sera remis en cause du fait des rendements décroissants de la vitesse et du coût croissant des politiques publiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Yves Crozet, 2016. "Hyper-mobilité et politiques publiques - Changer d'époque ?," Post-Print halshs-01328814, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01328814
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    1. Yves Crozet, 2018. "Mobility, transit time and investments [Mobilité, temps de transport et investissements collectifs]," Post-Print halshs-01852290, HAL.
    2. Risienne Mazengani & Jean-Marc Josset & Nicolas Soulié, 2022. "Conditions, activities, habits and well-being in daily transportation : case study at Paris-Saclay [Conditions, activités, habitudes et bien-être dans les transports quotidiens : étude de cas à Par," Post-Print hal-03578482, HAL.

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