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Financial development and economic growth

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Aubhik Khan

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Abstract

The author develops a theory of financial development based on the costs associated with the provision of external finance. These costs are assumed to arise within an environment where informational asymmetries between borrowers and lenders are costly to resolve. When borrowing is limited, producers with access to financial intermediary loans obtain higher returns to investment than other producers. This creates incentives for others to undertake the technology adoption necessary to access investment loans. Over time, as increasing numbers of producers gain access to external finance, borrowers' net worth rises relative to debt. This reduces the costs of financial intermediation and raises the overall return on investment. The theory is consistent with recent evidence that financial development reduces the costs associated with the provision of external finance and increases the rate of economic growth. Furthermore, the theory predicts that financial development raises the retu rn on loans and reduces the spread between borrowing and lending rates.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia in its series Working Papers with number 99-11.

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Date of creation: 1999
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedpwp:99-11

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Keywords: Economic development ; Financial markets ; Investments;

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This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports: References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Ross Levine, 1997. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 35(2), pages 688-726, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark, 1989. "Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(1), pages 14-31, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark, 1990. "Financial Fragility and Economic Performance," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 105(1), pages 87-114, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Robert Townsend, 1979. "Optimal contracts and competitive markets with costly state verification," Staff Report 45, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Rajan, Raghuram G & Zingales, Luigi, 1998. "Financial Dependence and Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(3), pages 559-86, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Boyd, John H & Smith, Bruce D, 1994. "How Good Are Standard Debt Contracts? Stochastic versus Nonstochastic Monitoring in a Costly State Verification Environment," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 67(4), pages 539-61, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Bernanke, B. & Gertler, M. & Gilchrist, S., 1998. "The Financial Accelerator in a Quantitative Business Cycle Framework," Working Papers 98-03, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University. [Downloadable!]
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  8. RAFAEL LaPORTA & FLORENCIO LOPEZ-de-SILANES & ANDREI SHLEIFER & ROBERT W. VISHNY, . "Legal Determinants of External Finance,"," CRSP working papers 324, Center for Research in Security Prices, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago.
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  9. Thorsten Beck & Ross Levine & Norman Loayza, 1999. "Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 56, Central Bank of Chile. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Mark Gertler & Simon Gilchrist, 1991. "Monetary Policy, Business Cycles and the Behavior of Small Manufacturing Firms," NBER Working Papers 3892, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Udry, Christopher, 1990. "Credit Markets in Northern Nigeria: Credit as Insurance in a Rural Economy," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 4(3), pages 251-69, September.
  12. Asli Demirgüç-Kunt & Vojislav Maksimovic, 1998. "Law, Finance, and Firm Growth," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 53(6), pages 2107-2137, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Levine, Ross, 1998. "The Legal Environment, Banks, and Long-Run Economic Growth," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 30(3), pages 596-613, August.
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  14. King, Robert G & Levine, Ross, 1993. "Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 108(3), pages 717-37, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. Greenwood, J. & Jovanovic, B., 1990. "Financial Development, Growth, And The Distribution Of Income," University of Western Ontario, The Centre for the Study of International Economic Relations Working Papers 9002, University of Western Ontario, The Centre for the Study of International Economic Relations.
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  16. Ross Levine & Sara Zervos, . "Stock markets, banks and economic growth ," CERF Discussion Paper Series 95-11, Economics and Finance Section, School of Social Sciences, Brunel University.
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  17. Greenwood, Jeremy & Smith, Bruce D., 1997. "Financial markets in development, and the development of financial markets," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 145-181, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  18. Townsend, Robert M, 1994. "Risk and Insurance in Village India," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 62(3), pages 539-91, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Greenwood, Jeremy & Sanchez, Juan M & Wang, Cheng, 2007. "Financing Development: The Role of Information Costs," Staff General Research Papers 12848, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Thomas Lindh, 2000. "Short-Run Costs of Financial Market Development in Industrialized Economies," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 26(2), pages 221-239, Spring. [Downloadable!]
  3. Luca Deidda & B. Fattouh, 2002. "Concentration in the banking industry and economic growth," Working Paper CRENoS 200202, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. K Alec Chrystal & Paul Mizen, . "Other financial corporations: Cinderella or ugly sister of empirical monetary economics?," Bank of England working papers 151, Bank of England. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Perera, N. & Paudel, R.C., 2009. "Financial Development and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 9(1). [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Fernando Perera Tallo, 2003. "Technological Progress, Slow Growing Economies and Polarization," Centro de Alti­simos Estudios Ri­os Pe©rez(CAERP) 11, Centro de Altisimos Estudios Rios Perez (CAERP). [Downloadable!]
  7. Luca Deidda, 2001. "Financial Institutions' Expertise and Growth Effects of Financial Liberalisation," Working Paper CRENoS 200105, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia. [Downloadable!]
  8. Anna Ilyina & Roberto M. Samaniego, 2009. "A Multi-industry Model of Growth with Financing Constraints," IMF Working Papers 09/119, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  9. Luca Deidda & B. Fattouh, 2001. "Non linearity between finance and growth," Working Paper CRENoS 200104, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Alexander Galetovic, 1994. "Finance and growth: a synthesis and interpretation of the evidence," International Finance Discussion Papers 477, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  11. Aubhik Khan, 2000. "The finance and growth nexus," Business Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, issue Jan, pages 3-14. [Downloadable!]
  12. Gomes, Orlando, 2007. "Nonlinear dynamics in a model of financial development with a risk premium," MPRA Paper 2887, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  13. Bhattacharya, Joydeep & Chakraborty, Shankha, 2003. "What do Information Frictions do?," Staff General Research Papers 10254, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  14. Thomas Philippon, 2007. "Financiers vs. Engineers: Should the Financial Sector be Taxed or Subsidized?," NBER Working Papers 13560, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Beck, Thorsten, 2001. "Financial development and international trade : is there a link?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2608, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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