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Women's Employment, Children and Transition: An Empirical Analysis on Poland

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Author Info
Elena Bardasi () (World Bank Washington DC)
Chiara Monfardini () (Department of Economics Università di Bologna)

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Abstract

The effect of transition from centrally planned to market economies on female employment is unclear a-priori. Many studies have pointed out that the emergence of labour markets created obstacles to but also new opportunities for women’s employment. A frequently mentioned potential explanation of the lower female participation during the transition period is represented by the reduction of childcare facilities, which created a major constraint on the participation of women with dependent children. However, we must not forget the effect of forces of opposite sign, first of all the household necessity of having two earners during the turbulent transition period. The aim of this paper is to give an empirical assessment on how the transition to a market economy affected the relationship between motherhood and labour force outcomes in Poland. We estimate random effects probit models on two PACO panel datasets covering a four year period before the reform (1987-1990) and a three year period afterwards (1994-1996). Our findings indicate that during transition small children were much less of a deterrent to the employment probability of their mother than it was before transition.

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Paper provided by Free University Berlin, Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence in its series Eastward Enlargement of the Euro-zone Working Papers with number wp25.

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Length: 26 pages
Date of creation: 15 Oct 2004
Date of revision: 15 Oct 2004
Handle: RePEc:ezo:ezppap:wp25

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  2. Lauerová, Jana Stefanová & Terrell, Katherine, 2002. "Explaining Gender Differences in Unemployment with Micro Data on Flows in Post-Communist Economies," IZA Discussion Papers 600, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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  3. Voicu, Alexandru & Buddelmeyer, Hielke, 2003. "Children and Women's Participation Dynamics: Direct and Indirect Effects," IZA Discussion Papers 729, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  4. Kowalska, Irena, 2002. "New Patterns of Family Formation and Family Life in Poland," Discussion Paper 63, Center for Intergenerational Studies, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. [Downloadable!]
  5. Sibley, Christopher W. & Walsh, Patrick Paul, 2002. "Earnings Inequality and Transition: A Regional Analysis of Poland," IZA Discussion Papers 441, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  6. Angrist, Joshua D & Evans, William N, 1998. "Children and Their Parents' Labor Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family Size," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(3), pages 450-77, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Bonin, Holger & Euwals, Rob, 2002. "Participation Behaviour of East German Women After German Unification," CEPR Discussion Papers 3201, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Chamberlain, Gary, 1984. "Panel data," Handbook of Econometrics, in: Z. Griliches† & M. D. Intriligator (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 22, pages 1247-1318 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Andrew Newell & Francesco Pastore, 2000. "Regional Unemployment and Industrial Restructuring in Poland," CELPE Discussion Papers 51, CELPE (Centre of Labour Economics and Economic Policy), University of Salerno, Italy. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Browning, Martin, 1992. "Children and Household Economic Behavior," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 30(3), pages 1434-75, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Mark N. Harris & Lachlan R. Macquarie & Anthony J. Siouclis, 2000. "A Comparison of Alternative Estimators for Binary Panel Probit Models," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2000n03, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne. [Downloadable!]
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  12. Alice Nakamura & Masao Nakamura, 1992. "The econometrics of female labor supply and children," Econometric Reviews, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 1-71. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. MONEE project, 1999. "Women in Transition," Regional Monitoring Report remore99/1, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
  14. Monica Fong & Lokshin, Michael, 2000. "Child care and women's labor force participation in Romania," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2400, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  17. Catherine Saget, 1999. "The determinants of female labour supply in Hungary," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 7(3), pages 575-591, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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