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Industrialización regional, café y capital humano en la primera mitad del siglo XX en Colombia

Author

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  • Irina Rosa Espana Eljaiek
  • Fabio Sánchez Torres

Abstract

El desarrollo industrial colombiano en la primera mitad del siglo XX no solo fue un proceso tardío en el contexto internacional, sino desigual entre sus regiones. Con base en el censo industrial de 1945, utilizando información por municipio y por sector, el presente documento muestra de forma cuantitativa que tanto el surgimiento de la industria manufacturera como las diferencias regionales en la industrialización están explicados por la acumulación de capital humano muy anterior al auge industrial. El trabajo muestra que la acumulación de capital humano a nivel local y regional dependió del grado de libertad de la población al final del periodo colonial, expresado como el porcentaje de la población libre a nivel municipal. Las regiones en donde la proporción de la población libre fue alta durante este periodo acumularon mayor capital humano y en consecuencia tuvieron una fuerza laboral más hábil y mejor preparada para enfrentar los procesos de producción de la industria manufacturera. El artículo discute las hipótesis tradicionales sobre el surgimiento de la industria manufacturera enColombia que la asocian a las producciones de café y oro, a la geografía, a los mercadospotenciales, las políticas arancelarias o a las coyunturas externas como la Gran Depresión y las Guerras Mundiales.

Suggested Citation

  • Irina Rosa Espana Eljaiek & Fabio Sánchez Torres, 2010. "Industrialización regional, café y capital humano en la primera mitad del siglo XX en Colombia," Documentos CEDE 7723, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:007723
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    File URL: https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstream/handle/1992/8231/dcede2010-36.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    industrialización; capital humano; café; oro; coyunturas externas; poblaciónlibre.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N36 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • N66 - Economic History - - Manufacturing and Construction - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • N96 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

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