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Public drug insurance and children’s use of mental health medication: Risk-specific responses to lower out-of-pocket treatment costs

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  • Jill Furzer
  • Maripier Isabelle
  • Boriana Miloucheva
  • Audrey Laporte

Abstract

While the long-term consequences of unmet child mental health needs are well-documented, out-of-pocket costs remain an important barrier to accessing medication in childhood and adolescence. This paper exploits the implementation of a public drug insurance program in Québec, Canada, to estimate the impact of out-of-pocket costs on uptake of pharmaceutical treatment for mental health issues in children. To investigate the potential for low-benefit consumption or moral hazard due to lowered drugs costs, we combine a difference-in-differences estimation framework with novel machine learning techniques to predict the likelihood of diagnosis for ADHD, anxiety or depression across childhood in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of children. Our results suggest that eliminating out-of-pocket costs led to a 3-percentage point increase in treatment uptake and adherence. When adjusting for predicted risk, the effects are concentrated among the top two deciles of risk. For children in the bottom half of the risk distribution, treatment use changes were not statistically different from zero. We find that treatment uptake is driven by changes in stimulants, which are generally prescribed for ADHD. Our results suggest that reductions in out-of-pocket costs could help achieve better uptake of mental health treatment, without leading to low-benefit care among lower-risk individuals. Bien que les conséquences à long terme des besoins non satisfaits des enfants en matière de santé mentale soient bien documentées, les frais remboursables demeurent un obstacle important à l'accès aux médicaments pendant l'enfance et l'adolescence. Cet article exploite la mise en œuvre d'un programme public d'assurance-médicaments au Québec, Canada, pour estimer l'impact des frais remboursables sur l'adoption de traitements pharmaceutiques pour les problèmes de santé mentale chez les enfants. Pour étudier la possibilité d'une consommation à faible bénéfice ou d'un aléa moral dû à la baisse du coût des médicaments, nous combinons un cadre d'estimation de la différence dans les différences avec de nouvelles techniques d'apprentissage automatique pour prédire la probabilité d'un diagnostic de TDAH, d'anxiété ou de dépression au cours de l'enfance dans un échantillon longitudinal d'enfants représentatif au niveau national. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'élimination des frais remboursables a conduit à une augmentation de 3 points de pourcentage de la prise de traitement et de l'observance. Après ajustement du risque prédit, les effets sont concentrés sur les deux déciles supérieurs de risque. Pour les enfants situés dans la moitié inférieure de la distribution du risque, les changements dans l'utilisation du traitement n'étaient pas statistiquement différents de zéro. Nous constatons que l'utilisation du traitement est déterminée par les changements dans les stimulants, qui sont généralement prescrits pour le TDAH. Nos résultats suggèrent que la réduction des frais remboursables pourrait contribuer à une meilleure prise en charge des traitements de santé mentale, sans pour autant conduire à des soins à faible bénéfice chez les personnes à faible risque.

Suggested Citation

  • Jill Furzer & Maripier Isabelle & Boriana Miloucheva & Audrey Laporte, 2021. "Public drug insurance and children’s use of mental health medication: Risk-specific responses to lower out-of-pocket treatment costs," CIRANO Working Papers 2021s-34, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2021s-34
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2021s-34.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Children Health; Public Health Insurance; Mental Health; Prescription Drugs; Santé des enfants; Assurance maladie publique; Santé mentale; Médicaments sur ordonnance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I13 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Insurance, Public and Private
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I19 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Other

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