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The Effectiveness of FX Interventions: A Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Lucía Arango-Lozano

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Lukas Menkhoff
  • Daniela Rodríguez-Novoa

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

Abstract

There is ample empirical literature centering on the effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention (FXI). Given the mix of objectives and country-heterogeneity, the general lack of consensus thus far is no surprise. We shed light on this debate by conducting the first comprehensive meta-analysis in the FXI literature, with 279 reported effects that stem from 74 distinct empirical studies. We cover estimations conducted in 19 countries across five decades. Overall, our meta-survey reports an average depreciation of domestic currency of 1% and a reduction of exchange rate volatility of 0.6%, in response to a $1 billion US dollar purchase. Results are qualitatively confirmed but smaller in size under fixed and random-effect estimations. When narrowing in on different economic factors, we find that effects are magnified for cases consistent with the monetary trilemma (greater if financial openness and monetary independence are low). Effects are also larger in emerging than advanced economies, when banking crises remain mild, and when interventions are large in size and are announced. **** RESUMEN: Existe una amplia literatura empírica sobre la efectividad de la intervención cambiaria (FXI). Sin embargo, dados los diferentes objetivos y la heterogeneidad de los países con respecto a las condiciones del mercado, es de esperarse que a la fecha no haya un consenso. Este trabajo es el más grande jamás realizado en la literatura de FXI, con un total de 279 efectos reportados, provenientes de 74 estudios empíricos. Cubre estimaciones realizadas en 19 países y durante 5 décadas. En general, nuestro meta-análisis encuentra una depreciación promedio de la moneda local del 1,0% y una reducción de la volatilidad de la tasa de cambio del 0,6%, en respuesta a una compra neta de mil millones de dólares. Sin embargo, los resultados son más pequeños bajo efectos fijos y aleatorios. Al considerar diferentes factores económicos, encontramos que los efectos se magnifican para los casos consistentes con el trilema de la política monetaria (mayor efecto si la apertura financiera y la independencia monetaria son bajas). Los efectos también son mayores en países emergentes, cuando las crisis cambiarias y bancarias son menores, cuando aumenta el tamaño de la intervención y cuando las intervenciones son anunciadas.

Suggested Citation

  • Lucía Arango-Lozano & Lukas Menkhoff & Daniela Rodríguez-Novoa & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2020. "The Effectiveness of FX Interventions: A Meta-Analysis," Borradores de Economia 1132, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1132
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1132
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    2. Javier Bianchi & Guido Lorenzoni, 2021. "The Prudential Use of Capital Controls and Foreign Currency Reserves," NBER Working Papers 29476, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Jorge Hernán Toro-Córdoba & Fredy Gamboa-Estrada & Laura Viviana León-Díaz & Martha López & Lucía Arango-Lozano & Diego Alejandro Martínez-Cruz & Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia & Carlos Andrés Quicazán-M, 2023. "Flujos de Capital de Portafolio en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 105, pages 1-103, July.
    4. Markus Hertrich & Daniel Nathan, 2022. "Foreign Exchange Interventions and their Impact on Expectations: Evidence from the USD/ILS Options Market," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2022.10, Bank of Israel.
    5. Valentina Cepeda & Bibiana Taboada-Arango & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2023. "Can Central Bank Credibility Improve Monetary Policy? A Meta-Analysis," Borradores de Economia 1239, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    6. Ellis, Scott & Sharma, Satish & Brzeszczyński, Janusz, 2022. "Systemic risk measures and regulatory challenges," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    7. Jorge Arenas & Stephany Griffith-Jones, 2023. "Effectiveness of Foreign Exchange Interventions: Evidence and Lessons from Chile," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 983, Central Bank of Chile.
    8. Cezar, Rafael & Monnet, Eric, 2023. "Capital controls and foreign reserves against external shocks: Combined or alone?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    9. Jorge Arenas & Stephany Griffith-Jones, 2023. "Effectiveness of Foreign Exchange Interventions Evidence and Lessons from Chile," Working Papers wp546, University of Chile, Department of Economics.
    10. Hernando Vargas-Herrera & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2019. "Effectiveness of FX Intervention and the Flimsiness of Exchange rate Expectations," Borradores de Economia 1070, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    11. Freddy A. Pinzón-Puerto & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2023. "Do Actions Speak Louder than Words? A Foreign Exchange Intervention Analysis," Borradores de Economia 1223, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    12. Pontines, Victor & Luvsannyam, Davaajargal & Atarbaatar, Enkhjin & Munkhtsetseg, Ulziikhutag, 2021. "The effectiveness of currency intervention: Evidence from Mongolia," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    foreign exchange intervention; exchange rate; meta-analysis; Intervención cambiaria; tasa de cambio; meta-análisis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C83 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange

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