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Panorama Fiscal de América Latina y el Caribe, 2020: la política fiscal ante la crisis derivada de la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19)

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Abstract

Junto con examinar los retos de la política fiscal en el contexto actual de la pandemia y la evolución de las finanzas públicas durante 2019, el Panorama Fiscal de América Latina y el Caribe, 2020, analiza la problemática de la evasión fiscal en la región. La CEPAL estima que la región perdió 325.000 millones de dólares –equivalente al 6,1% del PIB– en 2018 por incumplimiento tributario. Frente a este desafío, los países de la región se encuentran desarrollando una serie de acciones e innovaciones para acotar los espacios para la evasión y así impulsar la movilización de recursos internos para lograr una reactivación de la actividad económica que permita guiar a la región hacia un desarrollo sostenible e inclusivo en un mundo post COVID-19. El informe destaca la rapidez con que los países han reaccionado ante la crisis mediante la adopción de paquetes de medidas fiscales que representan, en promedio, un 3,2% del producto interno bruto (PIB) de los países de América Latina y que contemplan medidas de gasto público, alivio tributario y apoyo de liquidez respaldado por los gobiernos de la región. No obstante, el manejo de la política fiscal en la actualidad se ve complejizado por un entorno macroeconómico poco favorable y altamente incierto. La pandemia ha expuesto deficiencias en los sistemas de protección social, tanto en el mercado laboral como en los sistemas de seguridad social, y en la limitada provisión crucial de bienes y servicios públicos de alta calidad. Por lo tanto, la región debe acelerar la transición hacia Estados de bienestar social que garanticen mejores condiciones de vida para todos y provean de fundamentos sólidos para el desarrollo sostenible mediante la reducción de la desigualdad y el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de protección social. La política fiscal deberá contribuir al logro de estas metas a través de un sistema de tributación progresiva y eficiente, y de un gasto público efectivo y equitativo que dé prioridad a atender las necesidades de las sociedades de la región.

Suggested Citation

  • -, 2020. "Panorama Fiscal de América Latina y el Caribe, 2020: la política fiscal ante la crisis derivada de la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19)," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45730 edited by Cepal.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col016:45730
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