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Quantifying the trade‐reducing effect of embargoes: Firm‐level evidence from Russia

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  • Anna Miromanova

Abstract

In 2014, Russia responded to sanctions imposed by a coalition of Western countries with a retaliatory import embargo. I draw on this unique case study and a customs data set on firm‐level import transactions to investigate the ramifications of Russia's counter‐sanctions on firm‐level foreign trade. Using detailed data and a triple‐difference estimation strategy, I examine micro‐level dynamics and heterogeneities that aggregate data alone do not reveal. I identify the effects of the embargo on the extensive margin (the probability that a firm imports a particular product from a given country in a particular time period) and the intensive margin (the value of a firm's import transaction) of firm‐level trade, as well as its effects on logged unit values. The main findings of this study show that the embargo had statistically significant negative impacts on extensive and intensive margins of firm‐level trade. I also pinpoint evidence of multiple exemptions from the embargo and a large degree of heterogeneity of firm‐level responses to the embargo based on firm attributes, such as firm size and government connection. Quantifier l'effet des embargos sur la réduction du commerce: données à l'échelon des entreprises en Russie. En 2014, la Russie a réagi aux sanctions imposées par une coalition de pays occidentaux en mettant en place un embargo de rétorsion sur les importations. Je m'appuie sur cette étude de cas unique et sur un ensemble de données douanières sur les transactions d'importation à l'échelon des entreprises pour étudier les ramifications des contre‐sanctions russes sur le commerce extérieur. En utilisant des données détaillées et une stratégie d'estimation en triple différence, j'examine les dynamiques et les hétérogénéités à l'échelon microéconomique que les données agrégées seules ne révèlent pas. Je cerne les effets de l'embargo sur la marge extensive (la probabilité qu'une entreprise importe un produit particulier d'un pays donné au cours d'une période donnée) et la marge intensive (la valeur de la transaction d'importation d'une entreprise) du commerce à l'échelon des entreprises, ainsi que ses effets sur les valeurs unitaires logarithmiques. Les principaux résultats de cette étude montrent que l'embargo a eu des répercussions négatives statistiquement significatives sur les marges extensive et intensive du commerce à l'échelon des entreprises. Je mets également en évidence des exemptions multiples à l'embargo et une grande hétérogénéité des réactions des entreprises à l'embargo en fonction de leurs caractéristiques, comme la taille et les liens avec le gouvernement.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Miromanova, 2023. "Quantifying the trade‐reducing effect of embargoes: Firm‐level evidence from Russia," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(3), pages 1121-1160, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:56:y:2023:i:3:p:1121-1160
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12667
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    1. Drott, Constantin & Goldbach, Stefan & Nitsch, Volker, 2022. "The effects of sanctions on Russian banks in TARGET2 transactions data," Discussion Papers 38/2022, Deutsche Bundesbank.

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