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The gravity of experience

Author

Listed:
  • Pushan Dutt
  • Ana Maria Santacreu
  • Daniel A. Traça

Abstract

In this paper, we establish the importance of experience in international trade in reducing unmeasured trade costs and facilitating bilateral trade. We find a strong role for experience, measured in years of positive trade, for both aggregate and sectoral bilateral trade. In an augmented gravity framework, with a very comprehensive set of fixed effects and trend variables, we find that a 1% increase in experience at the country‐pair level increases bilateral exports by 0.417% and reduces trade costs by 0.105%. Non‐parametric estimates imply that nine years of experience is equivalent to a country pair joining a preferential trading area. We show that experience matters more for country pairs that are distant, non‐contiguous, do not share a common language, lack colonial links and legal ties to one another. Subsequently, we construct microfounded measures of trade costs and show how these decline with the accumulation of experience. Our results are consistent with experience reducing the bilateral unmeasured variable costs of trade and experience shared across firms and industries. L'importance de l'expérience. Dans cet article, nous démontrons l'importance de l'expérience dans la réduction des coûts commerciaux internationaux non chiffrés et la simplification des échanges bilatéraux. Nous constatons que l'expérience, mesurée en années de relation commerciale positive, joue un rôle de premier ordre sur le commerce bilatéral, tant sur le plan global que sectoriel. Dans un modèle de gravité augmenté avec un ensemble très complet d'effets fixes et de variables de tendance, nous observons qu'une hausse de 1 % de l'expérience au niveau d'une paire de pays entraîne une augmentation de 0,417 % des exportations bilatérales ainsi qu'une réduction des coûts commerciaux de 0,105 %. Des estimations non paramétriques suggèrent que pour une paire de pays, neuf années d'expérience équivalent à rejoindre une zone d'échanges préférentiels. Nous montrons que l'expérience importe davantage pour les paires de pays éloignés, sans frontières communes, utilisant des langues différentes et ne partageant ni liens coloniaux, ni liens juridiques. Enfin, nous développons des mesures aux fondements microéconomiques relatives aux coûts commerciaux et montrons que ces derniers diminuent à mesure que l'expérience bilatérale s'accroît. Nos résultats corroborent l'idée que l'expérience entraîne une baisse des coûts commerciaux bilatéraux variables non chiffrés et qu'elle est partagée à l'échelle des entreprises et des industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Pushan Dutt & Ana Maria Santacreu & Daniel A. Traça, 2022. "The gravity of experience," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(1), pages 213-248, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:55:y:2022:i:1:p:213-248
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12583
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