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Imported inputs and privatization in downstream mixed oligopoly with foreign ownership

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  • Shih‐Jye Wu
  • Yang‐Ming Chang
  • Hung‐Yi Chen

Abstract

This paper examines welfare implications of privatization in a mixed oligopoly with vertically related markets, where an upstream foreign monopolist sells an essential input to public and private firms located downstream in the domestic country. The impact on domestic welfare of privatizing the downstream public firm is shown to contain three effects. The first is an output distortion effect, which negatively affects welfare since privatization decreases the production of final good for consumption. The second is an input price lowering effect resulting from a decrease in derived demand for the input. When the level of privatization increases, a decrease in final good production lowers input demand, causing input price to decline and domestic welfare to increase. The third is a rent‐leaking effect associated with foreign ownership in the downstream private firm. The rival domestic firm strategically increases its final good production, causing profits accrued to foreign investors to increase and domestic welfare to decline. Without foreign ownership in the downstream private firm, the optimal policy toward the public firm is complete privatization as the output distortion effect is dominated by the input price lowering effect. With foreign ownership, however, complete privatization can never be socially optimal due to the additional negative impact on domestic welfare of the rent‐leaking effect. We further discuss implications for domestic welfare under different privatization schemes (e.g., selling the privatization shares to the upstream foreign monopolist or to the rival domestic firm). Intrants importés et privatisation dans un oligopole mixte en aval où il y a propriétéétrangère. Ce texte examine les implications pour le bien‐être d’une privatisation dans un oligopole mixte qui relie des marchés verticalement intégrés et où un monopole en amont sous contrôle étranger vend un intrant essentiel pour à la fois les firmes privée et publique qui opèrent en aval dans l’économie domestique. On montre que l’impact sur le bien‐être domestique de la privatisation de la firme publique en aval a trois effets : (i) un effet de distorsion de l’output qui affecte négativement le bien‐être puisque la production du bien final de consommation décroît, (ii) un effet de réduction du prix d’un intrant découlant de la réduction de sa demande; quand le niveau de privatisation s’accroît, une chute de la production du bien final réduit la demande d’intrant, causant la chute du prix de l’intrant et l’augmentation du bien‐être domestique, (iii) un effet de déperdition de rente associée à la propriétéétrangère dans la firme privée en aval. La firme domestique rivale accroît stratégiquement sa production finale, les profits des investisseurs étrangers grandissent, et le bien‐être domestique décroît. Sans propriété étrangère dans la firme privée en aval, la politique optimale envers la firme publique est la privatisation complète puisque l’effet de distorsion de l’output est dominé par l’effet de chute du prix de l’intrant. Avec la propriété étrangère dans la firme privée en aval, cependant, la complète privatisation ne peut jamais être une politique optimale à cause du fait que l’impact additionnel négatif sur le bien‐être domestique à cause de l’effet de déperdition de la rente. On discute aussi des implications sur le bien‐être domestique de divers types de régimes de privatisation (p. ex. vendre les actifs privatisés au monopoleur étranger en amont ou à la firme privée domestique en aval).

Suggested Citation

  • Shih‐Jye Wu & Yang‐Ming Chang & Hung‐Yi Chen, 2016. "Imported inputs and privatization in downstream mixed oligopoly with foreign ownership," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 49(3), pages 1179-1207, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:1179-1207
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12229
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    Cited by:

    1. Xu, Lili & Lee, Sang-Ho, 2020. "Strategic Relations between Corporate Social Responsibility and Partial Privatization Policy with Foreign Penetration," MPRA Paper 100770, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Chuyuan Zhang & Sang‐Ho Lee, 2023. "Entry decision of a vertically integrated foreign firm with downstream subsidization and upstream privatization," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 94(1), pages 273-299, March.
    3. Liu, Qian & Wang, Leonard F.S. & Chen, Charlie L., 2019. "Upstream privatization in mixed markets with retailer's efforts," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 338-345.
    4. Haraguchi, Junichi & Matsumura, Toshihiro & Yoshida, Shohei, 2018. "Competitive pressure from neighboring markets and optimal privatization policy," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 1-8.
    5. Zhang, Chuyuan & Lee, Sang-Ho, 2021. "Downstream Subsidization and Upstream Privatization with a Vertically Integrated Foreign Firm," MPRA Paper 108193, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Ryu, Han Eol, 2023. "Public utility ownership and in-kind trade policy in vertically related markets," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    7. Yi Liu & Leonard F.S. Wang & Chenhang Zeng, 2023. "Upstream privatization and downstream licensing," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 19(1), pages 148-165, March.
    8. Yi Liu & Toshihiro Matsumura & Chenhang Zeng, 2021. "The relationship between privatization and corporate taxation policies," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 133(1), pages 85-101, June.
    9. John S. Heywood & Shiqiang Wang & Guangliang Ye, 2021. "Partial Privatization Upstream with Spatial Price Discrimination Downstream," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 59(1), pages 57-78, August.
    10. Chen, Hung-Yi & Yang, Ya-Po & Hu, Jin-Li, 2023. "Environmental taxes under mixed duopoly: The roles of privatization and foreign eco-technology," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    11. Lee, Sang-Ho & Nakamura, Tamotsu & Park, Chul-Hi, 2017. "Optimal Privatization Policy in a Mixed Eco-Industry in the Presence of Commitments on Abatement Technologies," MPRA Paper 80902, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Junichi Haraguchi & Toshihiro Matsumura, 2020. "Endogenous public and private leadership with diverging social and private marginal costs," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 88(5), pages 699-730, September.
    13. Dianshuang Wang & Xiaochun Li, 2020. "Privatization in Vertically Related Markets: Insights from a General Equilibrium Approach," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 234(3), pages 3-21, September.
    14. Sato, Susumu & Matsumura, Toshihiro, 2019. "Shadow cost of public funds and privatization policies," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    15. Sanford V. Berg & Makoto Okamura & Haruka Yane & Shinji Yane, 2022. "Efficient performance by companies with mixed ownership: Privatization and divestiture of a vertically integrated public monopoly," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(3), pages 717-730, September.
    16. Ki‐Dong Lee & Sunghee Choi & Kangsik Choi, 2020. "Bertrand versus Cournot competition in a downstream mixed oligopoly with foreign ownership," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(2), pages 101-120, April.
    17. Heywood, John S. & Wang, Zerong & Ye, Guangliang, 2023. "Spatial price discrimination in a mixed duopoly input market," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    18. Xuemei Liu & Rong Yang & Dongsheng Li, 2023. "A Study on the Effect of Heterogeneous Equity Mix on the Performance of Mixed Ownership Firms," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, July.
    19. Yongfu Liang & Leonard F. S. Wang & Yapo Yang, 2023. "What role should public firms play in the upstream market?," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 19(1), pages 101-117, March.
    20. Juan Carlos Bárcena-Ruiz & Quan Dong & Leonard F. S. Wang, 2020. "Foreign-owned firms and partial privatization of state holding corporations," The Japanese Economic Review, Springer, vol. 71(2), pages 287-301, April.

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    JEL classification:

    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

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