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Dynamic Spatial Discrete Choice Using One-step GMM: An Application to Mine Operating Decisions

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Author Info
Joris Pinkse
Margaret Slade
Lihong Shen

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Abstract

In many spatial applications, agents make discrete choices (e.g. operating or product-line decisions), and applied researchers need econometric techniques that enable them to model such situations. Unfortunately, however, most discrete-choice estimators are invalid when variables and/or errors are spatially dependent. More generally, discrete-choice estimators have difficulty dealing with many common problems such as heteroskedasticity, endogeneity, and measurement error, which render them inconsistent, as well as the inclusion of fixed effects in short panels, which renders them computationally burdensome if not infeasible. In this paper, we introduce a new estimator that can be used to overcome many of the above-mentioned problems. In particular, we show that the one-step ('continuous updating’) GMM estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal under weak conditions that allow for generic spatial and time series dependence. We use our estimator to study mine operating decisions in a real-options context. To anticipate, we find little support for the real-options model. Instead, the data are found to be more consistent with a conventional mean/variance utility model. RÉSUMÉ Choix Discret Dynamique et Spatial: utiliser le GMM à une étape: Application aux Décisions Opérationnelles dans le Secteur Minier Dans beaucoup d'applications spatiales, les agents font des choix discrets (c'est --à- dire prennent des décisions opérationnelles ou des décisions de production). La recherche appliquée a besoin de techniques économétriques pour modéliser ces situations. Malheureusement, la plupart des indicateurs de choix discret ne signifient rien, lorsque les variables et /ou les erreurs sont spatialement dépendantes. Plus généralement, les indicateurs de choix discret ne gèrent que difficilement la plupart des problèmes rencontrés couramment, comme l'hétéroscédasticité, l'endogénéité et les erreurs de mesure, ce qui les vide de leur sens. Il en est de même avec l'inclusion d'effets fixes dans des panels courts, qui les rend mathématiquement très lourds, si ce n'est irréalisables. Dans cet article, nous introduisons un nouvel indicateur qui peut surmonter les difficultés mentionnées plus haut. En particulier, nous montrons que l'indicateur du GMM à une étape (mise à jour continue) fonctionne et qu'il est normal de façon asymptotique, dans des conditions faibles, qui permettent de rendre dépendantes des séries spatialement et temporellement génériques. Nous utilisons notre indicateur pour étudier les décisions opérationnelles dans le secteur minier dans un contexte d'options réelles. Pour anticiper, nous avons trouvé peu d'arguments en faveur du modèle d'options réelles.Donc, les donnée sont plus parlantes avec un modèle d'utilité conventionelle moyenne/variance. RESUMEN Opción discreta espacial dinámica usando el método MGM de un paso: una aplicación a las decisiones operativas en las minas En muchas aplicaciones espaciales, los agentes optan por elecciones discretas (ej., en las decisiones sobre operaciones o la producción en línea), y para la investigación aplicada se necesitan técnicas econométricas para poder modelar tales situaciones. Por desgracia, la mayoría de los estimadores de elecciones discretas no son válidos cuando las variables, los errores, o ambos, tienen una dependencia espacial. En general, los estimadores de elecciones discretas tienen dificultades para tratar con diferentes problemas tales como la heteroscedasticidad, la endogeneidad, y el error de medición que hacen que sean inconsistentes, así como la inclusión de efectos fijos en paneles cortos que resultan onerosos e incluso imposibles de calcular. En este artículo introducimos un nuevo estimador que puede servir para superar muchos de los problemas antes mentionados. En concreto, demonstramos que el estimador MGM (Método Generalizado de Momentos) de un paso ('actualización continua’) es consistente y asintóticamente normal en condiciones débiles que permiten una dependencia genérica espacial y temporal. Utilizamos nuesto estimador para estudiar las decisiones operativas en las minas en un contexto de opciones reales. Anticipamos que hallamos poca evidencia a favor del modelo de opciones reales. En cambio, los datos son más consistentes con un modelo de utilidad convencional de media/varianza.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal Spatial Economic Analysis.

Volume (Year): 1 (2006)
Issue (Month): 1 (June)
Pages: 53-99
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Handle: RePEc:taf:specan:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:53-99

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Keywords: Spatial econometrics; continuous updating; generalized empirical likelihood; GMM;

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Newey, Whitney K & West, Kenneth D, 1987. "A Simple, Positive Semi-definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(3), pages 703-08, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Arellano, Manuel & Honore, Bo, 2001. "Panel data models: some recent developments," Handbook of Econometrics, in: J.J. Heckman & E.E. Leamer (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 53, pages 3229-3296 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Hansen, Lars Peter & Heaton, John & Yaron, Amir, 1996. "Finite-Sample Properties of Some Alternative GMM Estimators," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 14(3), pages 262-80, July.
  4. Iglesias, Emma M. & Phillips, Garry D.A., 2008. "Asymptotic bias of GMM and GEL under possible nonstationary spatial dependence," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 99(2), pages 393-397, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Slade, M.E., 1998. "Managing Projects Flexibly: An Application of Real-Option Theory," UBC Departmental Archives 98-02, UBC Department of Economics.
  6. Whitney K. Newey & Richard J. Smith, 2004. "Higher Order Properties of Gmm and Generalized Empirical Likelihood Estimators," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 72(1), pages 219-255, 01. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Pinkse, Joris & Slade, Margaret E., 1998. "Contracting in space: An application of spatial statistics to discrete-choice models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 85(1), pages 125-154, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Joris Pinkse & Margaret E. Slade & Craig Brett, 2002. "Spatial Price Competition: A Semiparametric Approach," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(3), pages 1111-1153, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Chamberlain, Gary, 1984. "Panel data," Handbook of Econometrics, in: Z. Griliches† & M. D. Intriligator (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 22, pages 1247-1318 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Margaret E. Slade & Henry Thille, 2006. "Commodity Spot Prices: An Exploratory Assessment of Market Structure and Forward-Trading Effects," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 73(290), pages 229-256, 05. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
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  1. Zhenlin Yang & Liangjun Su, 2007. "Instrumental Variable Quantile Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Models," Working Papers 05-2007, Singapore Management University, School of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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