IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/jitecd/v29y2020i6p677-710.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring financial constraints of Brazilian industries: Rajan and Zingales index revisited

Author

Listed:
  • Fatma Bouattour

Abstract

This paper investigates the inter-sectorial capital misallocation in Brazil over 2000–2012. In this regard, I first propose Brazilian specific sector-level indicators of dependence on external finance, using the methodology of the pioneering work of Rajan and Zingales (1998, RZ). In order to assess capital misallocation, I perform correlation tests between the Brazilian and the original RZ indicators. I also compute measures of the wedge of capital for Brazilian industries, following Marconi and Upper (2017). I then examine the role of the level of financial development as well as the state-bank BNDES in driving capital misallocation in Brazil, and in explaining sector-level growth. Results show that the credit expansion in the 2000s has been less beneficial to manufacturing sectors with high dependence on external finance. This suggests that the development of the financial system in Brazil does not permit to ensure a better allocation of capital. BNDES credits are found to improve sectors’ growth of output, but their effects are reduced in sectors that highly depend on external finance. BNDES loans are also found to increase capital misallocation in Brazil.

Suggested Citation

  • Fatma Bouattour, 2020. "Measuring financial constraints of Brazilian industries: Rajan and Zingales index revisited," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(6), pages 677-710, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jitecd:v:29:y:2020:i:6:p:677-710
    DOI: 10.1080/09638199.2020.1718745
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09638199.2020.1718745
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1080/09638199.2020.1718745?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bonomo, Marco & Brito, Ricardo D. & Martins, Bruno, 2015. "The after crisis government-driven credit expansion in Brazil: A firm level analysis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 111-134.
    2. Kalina Manova, 2013. "Credit Constraints, Heterogeneous Firms, and International Trade," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 80(2), pages 711-744.
    3. Elhanan Helpman, 2014. "Foreign Trade and Investment: Firm-level Perspectives," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 81(321), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Busso Matias & Madrigal Lucia & Pagés Carmen, 2013. "Productivity and resource misallocation in Latin America," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 1-30, June.
    5. repec:idb:brikps:71938 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Shushu Li & Jinglan Zhang & Yong Ma, 2015. "Financial Development, Environmental Quality and Economic Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-22, July.
    7. Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano & Filipe Lage de Sousa, 2014. "Relaxing Credit Constraints in Emerging Economies: The Impact of Public Loans on the Performance of Brazilian Manufacturers," Development Working Papers 369, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano, revised 26 Jun 2014.
    8. Fernando N. de Oliveira, 2014. "Investment of Firms in Brazil: do financial restrictions, unexpected monetary shocks and BNDES play important roles?," Working Papers Series 366, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    9. Rajan, Raghuram G & Zingales, Luigi, 1998. "Financial Dependence and Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(3), pages 559-586, June.
    10. Heitor Almeida & Murillo Campello, 2007. "Financial Constraints, Asset Tangibility, and Corporate Investment," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(5), pages 1429-1460, 2007 12.
    11. Antonio Ciccone & Elias Papaioannou, 2010. "Estimating cross-industry cross-country models using benchmark industry characteristics," Economics Working Papers 1235, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Jun 2016.
    12. Filipe Lage De Sousa & Gianmarco Ottaviano, 2014. "Relaxing Credit Constraints In Emergingeconomies: The Impact Of Public Loans On The Performance Of Brazilianfirms," Anais do XL Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 40th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 128, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    13. Franklin Serrano & Ricardo Summa, 2015. "Measuring Recovery: Aggregate Demand and the Slowdown of Brazilian Economic Growth from 2011-2014," CEPR Reports and Issue Briefs 2015-19, Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR).
    14. Inessa Love, 2003. "Financial Development and Financing Constraints: International Evidence from the Structural Investment Model," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 16(3), pages 765-791, July.
    15. Franklin Serrano & Ricardo Summa, 2015. "Aggregate demand and the slowdown of Brazilian economic growth in 2011-2014 [Aggregate demand and the slowdown of Brazilian economic growth in 2011-2014]," Nova Economia, Economics Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), vol. 25(spe), pages 803-833, December.
    16. Petra Valickova & Tomas Havranek & Roman Horvath, 2015. "Financial Development And Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 506-526, July.
    17. André Medeiros Sztutman & Dante Mendes Aldrighi, 2014. "Financiamento Das Campanhas Eleitoraisde 2006 Por Grupos Econômicos E Empréstimos Do Bndes," Anais do XL Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 40th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 058, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    18. Chang-Tai Hsieh & Peter J. Klenow, 2009. "Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 124(4), pages 1403-1448.
    19. Abhijit V. Banerjee, 1997. "A Theory of Misgovernance," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(4), pages 1289-1332.
    20. Ross Levine & Norman Loayza & Thorsten Beck, 2002. "Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Leonardo Hernández & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel & Norman Loayza (Series Editor) & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (Se (ed.),Banking, Financial Integration, and International Crises, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 2, pages 031-084, Central Bank of Chile.
    21. Durusu-Ciftci, Dilek & Ispir, M. Serdar & Yetkiner, Hakan, 2017. "Financial development and economic growth: Some theory and more evidence," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 290-306.
    22. Robert G. King & Ross Levine, 1993. "Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 108(3), pages 717-737.
    23. Myers, Stewart C. & Majluf, Nicholas S., 1984. "Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 187-221, June.
    24. Busso Matias & Madrigal Lucia & Pagés Carmen, 2013. "Productivity and resource misallocation in Latin America," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 1-30, June.
    25. Steven M. Fazzari & R. Glenn Hubbard & Bruce C. Petersen, 1988. "Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 19(1), pages 141-206.
    26. Ernani Teixeira Torres Filho & Luiz Macahyba & Rodrigo Zeidan, 2014. "Restructuring Brazil’s National Financial System," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series iriba_wp06, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    27. Blalock, Garrick & Gertler, Paul J., 2008. "Welfare gains from Foreign Direct Investment through technology transfer to local suppliers," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 402-421, March.
    28. Francisco J. Buera & Joseph P. Kaboski & Yongseok Shin, 2011. "Finance and Development: A Tale of Two Sectors," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(5), pages 1964-2002, August.
    29. Aoki, Shuhei, 2012. "A simple accounting framework for the effect of resource misallocation on aggregate productivity," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 473-494.
    30. Banerjee, Abhijit V. & Duflo, Esther, 2005. "Growth Theory through the Lens of Development Economics," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 7, pages 473-552, Elsevier.
    31. Daniela Marconi & Christian Upper, 2017. "Capital misallocation and financial development: A sector-level analysis," BIS Working Papers 671, Bank for International Settlements.
    32. Andrei Shleifer & Robert W. Vishny, 1994. "Politicians and Firms," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 109(4), pages 995-1025.
    33. Miguel A. León-Ledesma & Dimitris Christopoulos, 2016. "Misallocation, Access to Finance, and Public Credit: Firm-Level Evidence," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 33(2), pages 119-143, September.
    34. Vasconcelos, Rafael da Silva, 2017. "Misallocation in the Brazilian Manufacturing Sector," Brazilian Review of Econometrics, Sociedade Brasileira de Econometria - SBE, vol. 37(2), November.
    35. Levine, Ross, 2005. "Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 12, pages 865-934, Elsevier.
    36. Kalina Manova & Shang-Jin Wei & Zhiwei Zhang, 2015. "Firm Exports and Multinational Activity Under Credit Constraints," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 97(3), pages 574-588, July.
    37. Stewart C. Myers & Nicholas S. Majluf, 1984. "Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have InformationThat Investors Do Not Have," NBER Working Papers 1396, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    38. Oliveira, Fernando Nascimento, 2019. "Investment of Firms in Brazil: Do Financial Restrictions, Unexpected Monetary Shocks and BNDES Play Important Roles?," Revista Brasileira de Economia - RBE, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil), vol. 73(2), June.
    39. Calice,Pietro & Ribeiro,Eduardo P. & Byskov,Steen, 2018. "Efficient financial allocation and productivity growth in Brazil," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8479, The World Bank.
    40. Monica de Bolle, 2015. "Do Public Development Banks Hurt Growth? Evidence from Brazil," Policy Briefs PB15-16, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
    41. Matias Braun & Borja Larrain, 2005. "Supply matters for asset prices: evidence from IPOs in emerging markets," Working Papers 06-4, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    42. Beck, T.H.L., 2000. "Impediments to the development and efficiency of financial intermediation in Brazil," Other publications TiSEM 4ff22952-305a-44ed-b4ee-d, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    43. Kroszner, Randall S. & Laeven, Luc & Klingebiel, Daniela, 2007. "Banking crises, financial dependence, and growth," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 187-228, April.
    44. Dirk Bezemer & Maria Grydaki & Lu Zhang, 2016. "More Mortgages, Lower Growth?," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 54(1), pages 652-674, January.
    45. repec:imf:imfsdn:15/8 is not listed on IDEAS
    46. Rioja, Felix & Valev, Neven, 2004. "Does one size fit all?: a reexamination of the finance and growth relationship," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 429-447, August.
    47. Charles J. Hadlock & Joshua R. Pierce, 2010. "New Evidence on Measuring Financial Constraints: Moving Beyond the KZ Index," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(5), pages 1909-1940.
    48. Jean Tirole, 2006. "The Theory of Corporate Finance," Post-Print hal-00173191, HAL.
    49. Baumann, Renato, 2001. "Brazil in the 1990s: an economy in transition," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
    50. Anjali Kumar & Manuela Francisco, 2005. "Enterprise Size, Financing Patterns, and Credit Constraints in Brazil : Analysis of Data from the Investment Climate Assessment Survey," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7330, December.
    51. Mr. Mohsin S. Khan & Mr. Abdelhak S Senhadji, 2000. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: An Overview," IMF Working Papers 2000/209, International Monetary Fund.
    52. André Nassif & Carmem Feijó & Eliane Araújo, 2015. "Structural change and economic development: is Brazil catching up or falling behind?," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 39(5), pages 1307-1332.
    53. Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 1999. "Institutions, financial markets, and firm debt maturity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(3), pages 295-336, December.
    54. Rajan, Raghuram G. & Zingales, Luigi, 2003. "The great reversals: the politics of financial development in the twentieth century," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 5-50, July.
    55. Ugo Panizza, 2014. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: Known Knowns, Known Unknowns, and Unknown Unknowns," Revue d’économie du développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 22(HS02), pages 35-65.
    56. Ms. Ratna Sahay & Mr. Martin Cihak & Mr. Papa M N'Diaye & Mr. Adolfo Barajas & Ms. Diana B Ayala Pena & Ran Bi & Miss Yuan Gao & Ms. Annette J Kyobe & Lam Nguyen & Christian Saborowski & Katsiaryna Sv, 2015. "Rethinking Financial Deepening: Stability and Growth in Emerging Markets," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 2015/008, International Monetary Fund.
    57. Teresa Ter-Minassian, 2012. "Structural Reforms in Brazil: Progress and Unfinished Agenda," Research Department Publications 4774, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    58. Cavalcanti, Tiago & Vaz, Paulo Henrique, 2017. "Access to long-term credit and productivity of small and medium firms: A causal evidence," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 21-25.
    59. Goldstein, Andrea, 2002. "EMBRAER: from national champion to global player," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    60. Mohammed Ziaur Rehman & Nasir Ali & Najeeb Muhammad Nasir, 2015. "Financial Development, Savings and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bahrain Using VAR," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 6(2), pages 112-123, April.
    61. Ratna Sahay & Martin Cihak & Papa M N'Diaye & Adolfo Barajas & Diana B Ayala Pena & Ran Bi & Yuan Gao & Annette J Kyobe & Lam Nguyen & Christian Saborowski & Katsiaryna Svirydzenka & Seyed Reza Yousef, 2015. "Rethinking Financial Deepening; Stability and Growth in Emerging Markets," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 15/08, International Monetary Fund.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Knudsen, Arielle & Lopatin, Nikita, 2023. "Credit constraints and spillover effects of financial market liberalization: Case of Colombia," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 132-141.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fatma Bouattour, 2016. "Financial Constraints and Export Performances: Evidence from Brazilian Micro-Data," Working Papers DT/2016/18, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    2. Daniela Marconi & Christian Upper, 2017. "Capital Misallocation and Financial Development: A Sector-Level Analysis," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1143, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    3. Guangdong Xu & Binwei Gui, 2021. "The non‐linearity between finance and economic growth: a literature review and evidence from China," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 35(1), pages 3-18, May.
    4. Wang, Jingwen & Shen, Guangjun & Tang, Dunzhe, 2021. "Does tax deduction relax financing constraints? Evidence from China's value-added tax reform," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    5. Cao, Wenbin & Duan, Xiaoman & Niu, Xu, 2023. "Access to finance, bureaucracy, and capital allocation efficiency," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 125.
    6. Naeem, Kashif & Li, Matthew C., 2019. "Corporate investment efficiency: The role of financial development in firms with financing constraints and agency issues in OECD non-financial firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 53-68.
    7. Levine, Ross, 2005. "Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 12, pages 865-934, Elsevier.
    8. Ek, Chanbora & Wu, Guiying Laura, 2018. "Investment-cash flow sensitivities and capital misallocation," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 220-230.
    9. Angeloni, Ignazio & Kasinger, Johannes & Chantawit Tantasith, 2021. "The geography of banks in the United States (1990-2020)," SAFE Working Paper Series 321, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    10. Claessens, Stijn & Ueda, Kenichi & Yafeh, Yishay, 2014. "Institutions and financial frictions: Estimating with structural restrictions on firm value and investment," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 107-122.
    11. Benczúr, Péter & Karagiannis, Stelios & Kvedaras, Virmantas, 2019. "Finance and economic growth: Financing structure and non-linear impact," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    12. Iacovone, Leonardo & Ferro, Esteban & Pereira-López, Mariana & Zavacka, Veronika, 2019. "Banking crises and exports: Lessons from the past," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 192-204.
    13. Wang, Wei & Yang, Haoxi & Wang, Xi, 2023. "Financial development and wage income: Evidence from the global football market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    14. Levine, Oliver & Warusawitharana, Missaka, 2021. "Finance and productivity growth: Firm-level evidence," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 91-107.
    15. Marc Steffen Rapp & Iuliia A. Udoieva, 2018. "What matters in the finance–growth nexus of advanced economies? Evidence from OECD countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(6), pages 676-690, February.
    16. Wu, Guiying Laura, 2018. "Capital misallocation in China: Financial frictions or policy distortions?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 203-223.
    17. Iftekhar Hasan & Roman Horvath & Jan Mares, 2018. "What Type of Finance Matters for Growth? Bayesian Model Averaging Evidence," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 32(2), pages 383-409.
    18. Emmanuel Carré & Guillaume L’œillet, 2018. "The Literature on the Finance–Growth Nexus in the Aftermath of the Financial Crisis: A Review," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 60(1), pages 161-180, March.
    19. Ugo Panizza, 2018. "Nonlinearities in the Relationship Between Finance and Growth," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 60(1), pages 44-53, March.
    20. Ayyagari, Meghana & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 2012. "Financing of firms in developing countries : lessons from research," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6036, The World Bank.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:taf:jitecd:v:29:y:2020:i:6:p:677-710. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Longhurst (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.tandfonline.com/RJTE20 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.