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Income-Related Biases in International Trade: What Do Trademark Registration Data Tell Us?

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  • Carsten Fink
  • Beata Smarzynska Javorcik
  • Mariana Spatareanu

Abstract

Economists have long recognized that richer countries trade more among themselves than with poorer economies due to a closer match of exporter supply structures and importer preferences. In the literature, the closeness of supply and demand has traditionally been determined by the quality of products-as expressed in the so-called Linder hypothesis. This paper examines an extension of the Linder hypothesis by also considering the extent of horizontal product differentiation as another determinant of the closeness of supply and demand. The empirical analysis employs information on international trademark registrations to test whether richer countries import more from countries whose exports are of higher quality and exhibit a greater degree of product differentiation. The results lend support to the hypothesis in most consumer goods sectors but not in intermediate goods sectors.
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  • Carsten Fink & Beata Smarzynska Javorcik & Mariana Spatareanu, 2005. "Income-Related Biases in International Trade: What Do Trademark Registration Data Tell Us?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 141(1), pages 79-103, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:weltar:v:141:y:2005:i:1:p:79-103
    DOI: 10.1007/s10290-005-0016-x
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    Cited by:

    1. Eugenia Baroncelli & Carsten Fink & Beata Smarzynska Javorcik, 2005. "The Global Distribution of Trademarks: Some Stylised Facts," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(6), pages 765-782, June.
    2. C. Wernerheim & M. Waples, 2013. "Demand patterns and Canada’s trade in services," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 10(2), pages 159-181, June.
    3. Eugenia Baroncelli & Ekaterina Krivonos & Marcelo Olarreaga, 2007. "Trademark Protection or Protectionism?," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(1), pages 126-145, February.
    4. Azomahou, Théophile T. & Diene, Mbaye, 2012. "Polarization patterns in economic development and innovation," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 421-436.
    5. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2022. "Effect of the duration of membership in the World Trade Organization on Trademark Applications," EconStor Preprints 253266, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    6. Carolina Castaldi & Sandro Mendonca, 2021. "Regions and trademarks. Research opportunities and policy insights from leveraging trademarks in regional innovation studies," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 2138, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Dec 2021.
    7. Ventsislava Nikolova-Minkova, 2022. "Bulgarian and Foreign Trademark Activity in Bulgaria and Bulgarian Trademark Activity Abroad for the Period 2000-2019," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 173-196.
    8. Sena Kimm Gnangnon, 2023. "Effect of the Duration of Membership in the World Trade Organization on Trademark Applications," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-53, September.
    9. Jörn Block & Christian Fisch & Kenta Ikeuchi & Masatoshi Kato, 2022. "Trademarks as an indicator of regional innovation: evidence from Japanese prefectures," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(2), pages 190-209, February.
    10. Dhakal, Dharmendra & Pradhan, Gyan & Upadhyaya, Kamal P., 2011. "“Another Empirical Look at the Theory of Overlapping Demands - Un altro sguardo empirico alla teoria delle overlapping demands," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 64(1), pages 103-113.
    11. Ventsislava Nikolova-Minkova, 2022. "The Trademark Application Activity in Bulgaria According to the Nice Classification and Economic Sectors for the Period 2010-2020," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 7, pages 109-141.
    12. Nikolas Zolas & Travis J. Lybbert & Prantik Bhattacharyya, 2017. "An ‘Algorithmic Links with Probabilities’ Concordance for Trademarks with an Application Towards Bilateral IP Flows," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 1184-1213, June.
    13. Nemlioglu, Ilayda & Mallick, Sushanta, 2020. "Does multilateral lending aid capital accumulation? Role of intellectual capital and institutional quality," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    14. Godinho, Manuel Mira & Ferreira, Vítor, 2012. "Analyzing the evidence of an IPR take-off in China and India," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 499-511.
    15. Lis-Gutiérrez, Jenny-Paola, 2015. "Gestión de la propiedad intelectual en museos [Management of intellectual property in museums]," MPRA Paper 68098, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    Keywords

    Linder hypothesis; trademarks; product differentiation;
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