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Quality and Trade

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Author Info
Kevin M. Murphy
Andrei Shleifer

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Abstract

We present a model of trade in which similar countries trade more with each other than very different countries. The reason is that high human capital countries have a comparative advantage at producing high quality goods, but are also rich enough to want to consume high quality. As a result, countries choose trading partners at a similar level of development, who produce similar quality products. The model helps account for the observed trade patterns, and sheds light on international income comparisons. It also helps explain recent concerns of Eastern European countries that they have "nothing to sell" to the West.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 3622.

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Date of creation: Feb 1991
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Publication status: published as Journal of Developmental Economics, Vol. 53 (1997): 1-15.
Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:3622

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  1. Juan Carlos Hallak, 2004. "Product Quality, Linder, and the Direction of Trade," NBER Working Papers 10877, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. G Duranton, 1998. "Globalisation, Productive Systems, and Inequalities," CEP Discussion Papers 0401, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. [Downloadable!]
  3. J.-C. Bureau & E. Gozlan & S. Marette, 1999. "Quality signaling and international trade in food products," THEMA Working Papers 99-13, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Ashoka Mody & Deniz Igan & Stefania Fabrizio, 2007. "The Dynamics of Product Quality and International Competitiveness," IMF Working Papers 07/97, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  5. C. Simon Fan & Yifan Hu, 2006. "A Signaling Model of Quality and Export: with application to dumping," DEGIT Conference Papers c011_058, DEGIT, Dynamics, Economic Growth, and International Trade. [Downloadable!]
  6. Carsten Fink & Beata Smarzynska Javorcik & Mariana Spatareanu, 2005. "Income-Related Biases in International Trade: What Do Trademark Registration Data Tell Us?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 141(1), pages 79-103, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  7. Verhoogen, Eric A., 2007. "Trade, Quality Upgrading and Wage Inequality in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector," CEPR Discussion Papers 6385, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  8. Jose-Luis Moraga & Jean-Marie Viaene, 2001. "Trade and Industrial Policy of Transition Economies," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
  9. Eric Verhoogen, 2007. "Trade, quality upgrading and wage inequality in the Mexican manufacturing sector," Discussion Papers 0607-08, Columbia University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  10. Alberto Petrucci & Beniamino Quintieri, 1999. "Human Capital, Quality And Trade," Departmental Working Papers 121, Tor Vergata University, CEIS. [Downloadable!]
  11. Lutz, Stefan & Turrini, Alessandro Antonio, 2000. "Skills, Labour Costs and Vertically Differentiated Industries: A General Equilibrium Analysis," CEPR Discussion Papers 2373, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Johannes Moenius & Daniel Berkowitz, 2004. "Institutional Change and Product Composition: Does the Initial Quality of Institutions Matter?," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 2004-662, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan Stephen M. Ross Business School. [Downloadable!]
  13. Eric Rasmusen, 2007. "A Reputation Model of Quality in North-South Trade," Working Papers 2007-06, Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, Department of Business Economics and Public Policy. [Downloadable!]
  14. Khalid Mustafa, 2003. "Barriers against Agricultural Exports from Pakistan: The Role of WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(4), pages 487-510. [Downloadable!]
  15. Yo Chul Choi & David Hummels & Chong Xiang, 2006. "Explaining Import Variety and Quality: The Role of the Income Distribution," NBER Working Papers 12531, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Juan Carlos Hallak, 2006. "A Product-Quality View of the Linder Hypothesis," NBER Working Papers 12712, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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