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The Impact of Age Stereotypes on Well-being: Strategies of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation as Mediator and Regulatory Focus as Moderator: Findings from a Cross-Sectional and a Longitudinal Study

Author

Listed:
  • Martin Söllner

    (University of Vienna)

  • Mirjam Dürnberger

    (University of Vienna)

  • Johannes Keller

    (Ulm University)

  • Arnd Florack

    (University of Vienna)

Abstract

In a cross-sectional (Study 1) and a longitudinal study (Study 2), the authors examined whether the association between age stereotypes and well-being is mediated by self-regulatory engagement in goal pursuit. In Study 1 (N = 666), engagement in self-regulatory strategies of selection (e.g., selecting appropriate goals), optimization (e.g., acquiring resources for goal achievement), and compensation (e.g., searching for help) were assessed as potential mediators and, concurrently, regulatory focus was explored as a moderator of the association of age stereotypes and well-being. The results demonstrated consistent positive associations of positive age stereotypes and different kinds of well-being. These associations were partially mediated by optimization, but not by selection or compensation. Furthermore, the relationships between positive age stereotypes and well-being were attenuated for promotion-focused individuals. In Study 2 (N = 2325), we measured age stereotypes at baseline and several well-being measures at baseline as well as 6 and 9 years later. Age stereotypes at baseline predicted well-being at the later measurement times. Also, the associations between age stereotypes and different aspects of well-being were mediated by self-regulatory engagement in selection, optimization, and compensation.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Söllner & Mirjam Dürnberger & Johannes Keller & Arnd Florack, 2022. "The Impact of Age Stereotypes on Well-being: Strategies of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation as Mediator and Regulatory Focus as Moderator: Findings from a Cross-Sectional and a Longitudinal S," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 635-665, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:23:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s10902-021-00417-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-021-00417-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ed Diener & Derrick Wirtz & William Tov & Chu Kim-Prieto & Dong-won Choi & Shigehiro Oishi & Robert Biswas-Diener, 2010. "New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 97(2), pages 143-156, June.
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    5. Katja Kokko & Anni Korkalainen & Anna-Liisa Lyyra & Taru Feldt, 2013. "Structure and Continuity of Well-Being in Mid-Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 99-114, March.
    6. Alexandra M. Freund & Paul B. Baltes, 2002. "The Adaptiveness of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation as Strategies of Life Management," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 57(5), pages 426-434.
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