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Comparing Three Methods to Measure a Balanced Time Perspective: The Relationship Between a Balanced Time Perspective and Subjective Well-Being

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  • Jia Zhang
  • Ryan Howell
  • Maciej Stolarski

Abstract

The goals of this study were to determine the relations between having a balanced time perspective (BTP) with various measures of subjective well-being (SWB) and to test how various operationalizations of a BTP might impact the relation between having a BTP and SWB. We operationalized a balanced time perspective using: (a) Drake et al.’s Time Soc 17(1):47–61, ( 2008 ) cut-off-point method, (b) Boniwell et al.’s J Posit Psychol 5(1):24–40, ( 2010 ) suggestion of using a hierarchical cluster analysis, and (c) a deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP; Stolarski et al. Time Soc, 2011 ). The results demonstrated that having a BTP is related to increased satisfaction with life, happiness, positive affect, psychological need satisfaction, self-determination, vitality, and gratitude as well as decreased negative affect. Also, the DBTP was the best predictor of SWB. We discuss why individuals with a BTP are likely to be happier in life. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Jia Zhang & Ryan Howell & Maciej Stolarski, 2013. "Comparing Three Methods to Measure a Balanced Time Perspective: The Relationship Between a Balanced Time Perspective and Subjective Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 169-184, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:169-184
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-012-9322-x
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    1. Sonja Lyubomirsky & Heidi Lepper, 1999. "A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 137-155, February.
    2. Ed Diener & Derrick Wirtz & William Tov & Chu Kim-Prieto & Dong-won Choi & Shigehiro Oishi & Robert Biswas-Diener, 2010. "New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 97(2), pages 143-156, June.
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    1. Maciej Stolarski & Gerald Matthews & Sławomir Postek & Philip Zimbardo & Joanna Bitner, 2014. "How We Feel is a Matter of Time: Relationships Between Time Perspectives and Mood," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 809-827, August.
    2. Alm, Susanne & Låftman, Sara B., 2016. "Future orientation climate in the school class: Relations to adolescent delinquency, heavy alcohol use, and internalizing problems," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 324-331.
    3. Allison P. Sederlund & Lawrence R. Burns & William Rogers, 2020. "Multidimensional Models of Perfectionism and Procrastination: Seeking Determinants of Both," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-32, July.
    4. Rönnlund, Michael & Carelli, Maria Grazia, 2018. "Deviations from a balanced time perspective in late adulthood: Associations with current g and g in youth," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 8-16.
    5. Hod Orkibi & Efrat Dafner, 2016. "Exposure to Risk Factors and the Subjective Wellbeing of Adolescents: the Mediating Role of Time Perspective," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 9(3), pages 663-682, September.
    6. John L. Perry & Elizabeth C. Temple & Frank C. Worrell & Urška Zivkovic & Zena R. Mello & Bojan Musil & Jon C. Cole & Michael T. McKay, 2020. "Different Version, Similar Result? A Critical Analysis of the Multiplicity of Shortened Versions of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, May.
    7. Tao Chen & Lu-lu Liu & Ji-fang Cui & Xiao-jing Qin & Hai-song Shi & Muireann Irish & Ya Wang, 2021. "Balanced Time Perspective and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of “Temporal Negative Affect”," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 2563-2574, August.
    8. Pedro Güell & Macarena Orchard & Martina Yopo & Álvaro Jiménez-Molina, 2015. "Time Perspectives and Subjective Wellbeing in Chile," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 123(1), pages 127-141, August.
    9. Hod Orkibi & Tammie Ronen, 2019. "A Dual-Pathway Model Linking Self-Control Skills to Aggression in Adolescents: Happiness and Time Perspective as Mediators," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 729-742, March.
    10. Bozena Burzynska-Tatjewska & Gerald Matthews & Maciej Stolarski, 2022. "Seeking Causality in the Links between Time Perspectives and Gratitude, Savoring the Moment and Prioritizing Positivity: Initial Empirical Test of Three Conceptual Models," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-20, April.
    11. Itumeleng P. Khumalo & Angelina Wilson-Fadiji & Symen A. Brouwers, 2020. "Well-Being Orientations and Time Perspective Across Cultural Tightness–Looseness Latent Classes in Africa," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 21(5), pages 1681-1703, June.
    12. Susanna Pallini & Michela Milioni & Fiorenzo Laghi & Giovanni Maria Vecchio, 2018. "The Ant and the Grasshopper: Adolescents’ Time Perspective, Satisfaction with Life and the Mediating Role of Hope," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 351-364, February.
    13. Xinwen Bi & Shuqiong Wang & Yanhong Ji, 2022. "Parental Autonomy Granting and Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Self-Efficacy and Future Orientation," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 2113-2135, June.
    14. Maria C. Gugliandolo & Sebastiano Costa & Mariagrazia Lo Cricchio & Francesca Liga, 2021. "Exploring the Role of Time Perspective in Emerging Adult Couples: A Mediation Model," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(7), pages 3221-3239, October.
    15. Julia Wyszomirska & Monika Bąk-Sosnowska & Adriana Modrzejewska, 2022. "“All Hands on Deck”: Psychological Characteristics of Women with Experience of Oncological Disease Participating in Sailing Cruise—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Aneta Przepiorka & Nicolson Yat-fan Siu & Małgorzata Szcześniak & Celina Timoszyk-Tomczak & Jacqueline Jiaying Le & Mónica Pino Muñoz, 2020. "The Relation Between Personality, Time Perspective and Positive Orientation in Chile, Hong Kong, and Poland," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 1081-1101, March.
    17. Ulrich Wiesmann & Ilka Ballas & Hans-Joachim Hannich, 2018. "Sense of Coherence, Time Perspective and Positive Aging," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 817-839, March.
    18. Giulia Casu & Eugenia Gentili & Paola Gremigni, 2020. "Future Time Perspective and Perceived Social Support: The Mediating Role of Gratitude," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-11, September.
    19. Bozena Burzynska-Tatjewska & Maciej Stolarski, 2022. "Leaving Past Adversities Behind: Gratitude Intervention Compensates for the Undesirable Effects of Past Time Perspectives on Negative Affect," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-12, October.
    20. Julia Wyszomirska & Monika Bąk-Sosnowska, 2023. "Time Goes Back—Time Perspective in Polish Men with Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Risky Sexual Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-21, March.

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