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Well-Being Orientations and Time Perspective Across Cultural Tightness–Looseness Latent Classes in Africa

Author

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  • Itumeleng P. Khumalo

    (University of the Free State)

  • Angelina Wilson-Fadiji

    (Human Sciences Research Council)

  • Symen A. Brouwers

    (North-West University)

Abstract

Cultural norm conformity shapes the structure of societies and accounts for group differences in the psychological functioning of individuals across cultures. This study investigated the moderating role of cultural tightness–looseness in the relationship between well-being orientations and time perspective dimensions. Participants (N = 744) from Kenya and Ghana completed the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Cultural Tightness–Looseness (CTL) scale, and the Hedonic Eudaimonic Motives of Action (HEMA) measure. Structural equation modelling analyses were conducted in Mplus. Data confirmed HEMA’s two-factor model, distinguishing hedonia and eudaimonia. Latent class analysis produced four theoretically plausible CTL latent classes indicating the participants’ experience of norm prescription and regulation of their societies. These CTL classes accounted for group differences in the levels of well-being motives, and time perspective. However, these classes only accounted for some of the variations in the relationships between hedonic and eudaimonic orientations and time perspective dimensions. Future research should further explore the role of eudaimonic orientation in facilitating a balanced time perspective, as well as the nature and function of cultural tightness in African societies.

Suggested Citation

  • Itumeleng P. Khumalo & Angelina Wilson-Fadiji & Symen A. Brouwers, 2020. "Well-Being Orientations and Time Perspective Across Cultural Tightness–Looseness Latent Classes in Africa," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 21(5), pages 1681-1703, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:21:y:2020:i:5:d:10.1007_s10902-019-00151-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-019-00151-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Veronika Huta & Alan Waterman, 2014. "Eudaimonia and Its Distinction from Hedonia: Developing a Classification and Terminology for Understanding Conceptual and Operational Definitions," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(6), pages 1425-1456, December.
    2. Ulrich Wiesmann & Ilka Ballas & Hans-Joachim Hannich, 2018. "Sense of Coherence, Time Perspective and Positive Aging," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 817-839, March.
    3. Pedro Güell & Macarena Orchard & Martina Yopo & Álvaro Jiménez-Molina, 2015. "Time Perspectives and Subjective Wellbeing in Chile," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 123(1), pages 127-141, August.
    4. Veronika Huta, 2012. "Linking Peoples’ Pursuit of Eudaimonia and Hedonia with Characteristics of their Parents: Parenting Styles, Verbally Endorsed Values, and Role Modeling," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 47-61, March.
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    7. Jia Zhang & Ryan Howell & Maciej Stolarski, 2013. "Comparing Three Methods to Measure a Balanced Time Perspective: The Relationship Between a Balanced Time Perspective and Subjective Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 169-184, March.
    8. Fotios Anagnostopoulos & Fay Griva, 2012. "Exploring Time Perspective in Greek Young Adults: Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Relationships with Mental Health Indicators," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 106(1), pages 41-59, March.
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