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Reliability and Validity of Japanese Versions of the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience

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  • Katsunori Sumi

Abstract

The Flourishing Scale (FS) and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) developed by Diener et al. (Soc Indic Res 97:143–156, 2010 ) are brief subjective measures to assess psychological flourishing and feelings. The FS provides a single score from eight items. The 12-item SPANE yields three scores: a positive score (SPANE-P), a negative score (SPANE-N), and a balance score (SPANE-B). In this study, the reliability and validity of the Japanese versions of these scales were evaluated using a sample of 520 Japanese college students. Results showed that the Japanese versions had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88–0.95). The proposed single-factor structure of the FS and two-factor structure of the SPANE were supported by both principal axis factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Acceptable convergent validity of both Japanese versions was shown by correlations with scores for life satisfaction, subjective happiness, optimism, pessimism, positive and negative affect, depression, anxiety, and psychological stress. Moreover, the FS scores expectedly correlated with SPANE-P, SPANE-N, and SPANE-B. The Japanese versions of the FS and SPANE had acceptable reliability and validity, similar to the properties of the original versions Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

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  • Katsunori Sumi, 2014. "Reliability and Validity of Japanese Versions of the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 118(2), pages 601-615, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:118:y:2014:i:2:p:601-615
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-013-0432-6
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    1. Jesus Alfonso D. Datu, 2018. "Flourishing is Associated with Higher Academic Achievement and Engagement in Filipino Undergraduate and High School Students," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 27-39, January.
    2. Isabella Romano & Mark A. Ferro & Karen A. Patte & Ed Diener & Scott T. Leatherdale, 2020. "Measurement Invariance of the Flourishing Scale among a Large Sample of Canadian Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Arjan Dam & Gera Noordzij & Marise Born, 2020. "Thriving Under Uncertainty: The Effect of Achievement Goal Orientation on Job Insecurity and Flourishing," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 150(2), pages 659-678, July.
    4. Beatrice Adriana Balgiu, 2020. "Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Factor Structure and Gender Invariance in a Romanian Undergraduates Sample," Revista romaneasca pentru educatie multidimensionala - Journal for Multidimensional Education, Editura Lumen, Department of Economics, vol. 12(2), pages 132-147, June.
    5. Chua Bee Seok & Getrude Cosmas & Shazia Iqbal Hashmi & Carmella Ading, 2022. "Psychometric and Gender Invariance Analysis of the Flourishing Scale in the Malaysian Context," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, May.
    6. Jesus Alfonso D. Datu & Charlie E. Labarda & Maria Guadalupe C. Salanga, 2020. "Flourishing is Associated with Achievement Goal Orientations and Academic Delay of Gratification in a Collectivist Context," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 1171-1182, April.
    7. Shinichiro Matsuguma & Motoko Kawashima & Kazuno Negishi & Fumiya Sano & Masaru Mimura & Kazuo Tsubota, 2018. "Strengths use as a secret of happiness: Another dimension of visually impaired individuals' psychological state," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-11, February.
    8. Vicente Prado-Gascó & Virginia Romero-Reignier & Patricia Mesa-Gresa & Ana Belén Górriz, 2020. "Subjective Well-Being in Spanish Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, May.
    9. Paola Magnano & Giuseppe Santisi & Andrea Zammitti & Rita Zarbo & Santo Di Nuovo, 2019. "Self-Perceived Employability and Meaningful Work: The Mediating Role of Courage on Quality of Life," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-14, February.
    10. Tobias Rahm & Elke Heise & Mirijam Schuldt, 2017. "Measuring the frequency of emotions—validation of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) in Germany," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-10, February.
    11. Marta Martín-Carbonell & Begoña Espejo & Irene Checa & Martha Fernández-Daza, 2021. "Adaptation and Measurement Invariance by Gender of the Flourishing Scale in a Colombian Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-12, March.
    12. Simon Matthew Herd, 2022. "Synthesising Hedonic and Eudaimonic Approaches: A Culturally Responsive Four-Factor Model of Aggregate Subjective Well-Being for Hong Kong Children," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 15(3), pages 1103-1129, June.
    13. Laura Giuntoli & Francesco Ceccarini & Claudio Sica & Corrado Caudek, 2017. "Validation of the Italian Versions of the Flourishing Scale and of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience," SAGE Open, , vol. 7(1), pages 21582440166, January.
    14. Begoña Espejo & Irene Checa & Jaime Perales-Puchalt & Juan Francisco Lisón, 2020. "Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) in a Spanish General Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-15, November.
    15. Aiste Dirzyte & Živilė Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė & Jolita Šliogerienė & Aivaras Vijaikis & Aidas Perminas & Lukas Kaminskis & Giedrius Žebrauskas & Kęstutis Mačiulaitis, 2021. "Peer-to-Peer Confirmation, Positive Automatic Thoughts, and Flourishing of Computer Programming E-Learners," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-24, October.

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