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Climate change: changing means and changing extremes

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  • Markku Rummukainen

Abstract

Ongoing global warming not only involves changes in temperature and the global mean; it affects more or less every part of the climate. Regional temperature changes are often greater or smaller than corresponding changes in the global mean. In some cases the direction of change may also be different. For example, temperature changes are higher over land than over the ocean. Precipitation increases in some regions but decreases in others. Changes in extreme events may differ from changes in the corresponding mean. Present scientific knowledge clearly indicates that the already observed global trend towards warmer conditions will continue and that it will be accompanied by changes in yet other aspects of climate. This paper highlights, as a brief review, aspects of our changing climate from the available scientific knowledge with a bearing on the energy sector. Its focus is on temperature and precipitation, with some consideration of wind and sea level, among others. While uncertainties remain as far as the magnitude of future global-scale changes is concerned, and even more so their many regional patterns, significant changes are foreseen in, for example, global and regional temperature and precipitation, sea level rise, and in the characteristics of various extreme events. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Markku Rummukainen, 2013. "Climate change: changing means and changing extremes," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 121(1), pages 3-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:121:y:2013:i:1:p:3-13
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-0888-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matteo Vagnoli & Francesco Di Maio & Enrico Zio, 2018. "Ensembles of climate change models for risk assessment of nuclear power plants," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 232(2), pages 185-200, April.
    2. Lihua Zhang & Erhai Bai, 2023. "The Regime Complexes for Global Climate Governance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, June.
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    4. Yuan Liu & Dongchun Yan & Anbang Wen & Zhonglin Shi & Taili Chen & Ruiyin Chen, 2022. "Relationship between Precipitation Characteristics at Different Scales and Drought/Flood during the Past 40 Years in Longchuan River, Southwestern China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, January.

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