IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/agfoec/v6y2018i1d10.1186_s40100-018-0113-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The CAP 2013 reform of direct payments: redistributive effects and impacts on farm income concentration in Italy

Author

Listed:
  • Stefano Ciliberti

    (University of Perugia)

  • Angelo Frascarelli

    (University of Perugia)

Abstract

The Common Agricultural Policy has traditionally provided support to farm incomes via direct payments under the Single Payment Scheme. This article analyzes whether the reform of the SPS will decrease the concentration of direct payments and evaluates the effect of the new direct payment scheme on the redistribution of farm incomes. The decomposition of the Gini coefficient allows analysis of the evolution of farm income and direct payment distributions in Italy from 2014 to 2020, and empirical results based on the Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network show that the CAP 2013 reform is expected to decrease the concentration of direct payments. However, the reform is also expected to limit the reduction in farm income inequality due to the adoption of a partial convergence model (the so-called “tunnel” model) instead of a total convergence model as well as, more generally, the increasing share of farm income that is dependent on increased market exposure, leading to higher risks of price volatility and increasing pressure on income.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefano Ciliberti & Angelo Frascarelli, 2018. "The CAP 2013 reform of direct payments: redistributive effects and impacts on farm income concentration in Italy," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:agfoec:v:6:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1186_s40100-018-0113-5
    DOI: 10.1186/s40100-018-0113-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1186/s40100-018-0113-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1186/s40100-018-0113-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Schmid, Erwin & Sinabell, Franz & Hofreither, Markus F., 2006. "Distributional effects of CAP instruments on farm household incomes in Austria," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21467, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    2. Ashok Kumar Mishra & Krishna Paudel, 2011. "Estimating permanent income and wealth of the US farm households," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(12), pages 1521-1533.
    3. Pavel Ciaian & d'Artis Kancs & Maria Espinosa, 2018. "The Impact of the 2013 CAP Reform on the Decoupled Payments’ Capitalisation into Land Values," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(2), pages 306-337, June.
    4. Erjavec, Emil & Chantreuil, Frédéric & Hanrahan, Kevin & Donnellan, Trevor & Salputra, Guna & Kozar, Maja & van Leeuwen, Myrna, 2011. "Policy assessment of an EU wide flat area CAP payments system," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 1550-1558, July.
    5. Benedetto Rocchi & Donato Romano & Gianluca Stefani, 2005. "Distributive impacts of alternative agricultural policies: A SAM-based analysis for Italy," Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, INRA Department of Economics, vol. 77, pages 85-112.
    6. Edward Knapp & Jason Loughrey, 2017. "The single farm payment and income risk in Irish farms 2005–2013," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-15, December.
    7. Mary Keeney, 2000. "The Distributional Impact of Direct Payments on Irish Farm Incomes," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 252-265, May.
    8. El Benni, Nadja & Finger, Robert, 2013. "The effect of agricultural policy reforms on income inequality in Swiss agriculture - An analysis for valley, hill and mountain regions," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 638-651.
    9. Marian Rizov & Jan Pokrivcak & Pavel Ciaian, 2013. "CAP Subsidies and Productivity of the EU Farms," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(3), pages 537-557, September.
    10. H. Allen Klaiber & Klaus Salhofer & Stanley R. Thompson, 2017. "Capitalisation of the SPS into Agricultural Land Rental Prices under Harmonisation of Payments," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 68(3), pages 710-726, September.
    11. Paul Allanson, 2006. "The Redistributive Effects of Agricultural Policy on Scottish Farm Incomes," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(1), pages 117-128, March.
    12. Mishra, Ashok & El-Osta, Hisham & Gillespie, Jeffrey M., 2009. "Effect of agricultural policy on regional income inequality among farm households," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 325-340, May.
    13. S. Severini & A. Tantari & G. Di Tommaso, 2016. "Do CAP direct payments stabilise farm income? Empirical evidences from a constant sample of Italian farms," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-17, December.
    14. Lerman, Robert I & Yitzhaki, Shlomo, 1985. "Income Inequality Effects by Income," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 67(1), pages 151-156, February.
    15. Reddy, Wenkateshwar K. & Findeis, Jill L., 1987. "Decomposition Of Income Distribution Among Farm Families," Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 16(2), pages 1-9, October.
    16. Allanson, Paul & Rocchi, Benedetto, 2008. "A comparative analysis of the redistributive effects of agricultural policy in Tuscany and Scotland," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement (RAEStud), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 86(1).
    17. S. Severini & A. Tantari & G. Di Tommaso, 2016. "Do CAP direct payments stabilise farm income? Empirical evidences from a constant sample of Italian farms," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-17, December.
    18. Moro, Daniele & Sckokai, Paolo, 2013. "The impact of decoupled payments on farm choices: Conceptual and methodological challenges," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 28-38.
    19. Franz Sinabell & Erwin Schmid & Markus Hofreither, 2013. "Exploring the distribution of direct payments of the Common Agricultural Policy," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 40(2), pages 325-341, May.
    20. van Ittersum, Martin K. & Ewert, Frank & Heckelei, Thomas & Wery, Jacques & Alkan Olsson, Johanna & Andersen, Erling & Bezlepkina, Irina & Brouwer, Floor & Donatelli, Marcello & Flichman, Guillermo & , 2008. "Integrated assessment of agricultural systems - A component-based framework for the European Union (SEAMLESS)," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 96(1-3), pages 150-165, March.
    21. Graham Pyatt & Chau-nan Chen & John Fei, 1980. "The Distribution of Income by Factor Components," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 95(3), pages 451-473.
    22. Alexander Gocht & Wolfgang Britz & Pavel Ciaian & Sergio Gomez y Paloma, 2013. "Farm Type Effects of an EU-wide Direct Payment Harmonisation," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(1), pages 1-32, February.
    23. von Witzke, Harald & Noleppa, Steffen, 2007. "Agricultural and Trade Policy Reform and Inequality: The Distributive Effects of Direct Payments to German Farmers under the EU's New Common Agricultural Policy," Working Paper Series 10289, Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Agricultural Economics.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alper Demirdogen & Emine Olhan & Mehmet Hasdemir, 2022. "Heterogeneous impact of agricultural support policies: evidence from Turkey," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(10), pages 12203-12225, October.
    2. Tovar Reanos, Miguel & Martinez-Cillero, Maria, 2021. "Technical efficiency and equity effects of environmental payments in Ireland," Papers WP711, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    3. Pia Nilsson & Sofia Wixe, 2022. "Assessing long-term effects of CAP investment support on indicators of farm performance," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 49(4), pages 760-795.
    4. Renata Grochowska & Aleksandra Pawłowska & Aldona Skarżyńska, 2021. "Searching for more balanced distribution of direct payments among agricultural farms in the CAP post-2020," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 67(5), pages 181-188.
    5. Aleksandra Pawłowska & Renata Grochowska, 2021. "“Green” Transformation of the Common Agricultural Policy and Its Impact on Farm Income Disparities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Simone Severini & Giuliano Di Tommaso & Robert Finger, 2019. "Effects of the Income Stabilization Tool on farm income level, variability and concentration in Italian agriculture," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, December.
    7. Maria Martinez Cillero & Miguel Tovar Reaños, 2023. "Farm technical and environmental efficiency and subsidy redistribution in Ireland: A simulation approach of possible performance and equity effects," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(2), pages 394-412, June.
    8. Nitta, Atomu & Yamamoto, Yasutaka & Kondo, Katsunobu & Sawauchi, Daisuke, 2020. "Direct payments to Japanese farmers: Do they reduce rice income inequality? Lessons for other Asian countries," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(5), pages 968-981.
    9. Maria Bruna Zolin & Andrea Pastore & Martina Mazzarolo, 2020. "Common agricultural policy and sustainable management of areas with natural handicaps. The Veneto Region case study," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(8), pages 7587-7605, December.
    10. Orlando Cimino & Marco Vassallo & Roberto Henke & Francesco Vanni, 2021. "Income Diversification Strategies of Italian Peri-Urban Farms: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-23, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ciliberti, Stefano & Frascarelli, Angelo, 2015. "The role of CAP in enhancing farm incomes: the redistributive effect of direct payments in Italy," 147th Seminar, October 7-8, 2015, Sofia, Bulgaria 212244, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella, 2013. "The effect of the EU farm payments policy and its recent reform on farm income inequality," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 212-227.
    3. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella, 2014. "The contribution of different off-farm income sources and government payments to regional income inequality among farm households in Italy," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 3(2), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella, 2015. "The distributional impact of agricultural policy tools on Italian farm household incomes," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 124-135.
    5. Severini, Simone & Tantari, A., 2012. "How direct payments and their reform have affected farm income inequality in Italy?," 2012 First Congress, June 4-5, 2012, Trento, Italy 124099, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA).
    6. Nitta, Atomu & Yamamoto, Yasutaka & Kondo, Katsunobu & Sawauchi, Daisuke, 2020. "Direct payments to Japanese farmers: Do they reduce rice income inequality? Lessons for other Asian countries," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(5), pages 968-981.
    7. José-Luis Alfaro-Navarro & María-Encarnación Andrés-Martínez, 2021. "A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the distribution of Common Agricultural Policy aids in European countries," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 67(9), pages 351-362.
    8. Simone Severini & Giuliano Di Tommaso & Robert Finger, 2019. "Effects of the Income Stabilization Tool on farm income level, variability and concentration in Italian agriculture," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, December.
    9. Deppermann, Andre & Grethe, Harald & Offermann, Frank, 2011. "Distributional Effects of the CAP on Western German Farm Incomes and Regional Farm Income Disparity," 2011 International Congress, August 30-September 2, 2011, Zurich, Switzerland 114442, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    10. Laurent Piet & M Benoit & V Chatellier & K. Hervé Dakpo & N Delame & Yann Desjeux & P Dupraz & M Gillot & Philippe Jeanneaux & C Laroche-Dupraz & A Ridier & E Samson & P Veysset & P Avril & C Beaudoui, 2020. "Hétérogénéité, déterminants et trajectoires du revenu des agriculteurs français," Working Papers hal-02877320, HAL.
    11. O'Neill,Stephen & Loughrey, Jason & Hynes, Stephen & O'Donoghue, Cathal & Hanrahan, Kevin, 2017. "The Redistributive Impact of EU Farm Payment Reforms in the UK and Ireland," 2017 International Congress, August 28-September 1, 2017, Parma, Italy 261107, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    12. El Benni, Nadja & Finger, Robert, 2013. "The effect of agricultural policy reforms on income inequality in Swiss agriculture - An analysis for valley, hill and mountain regions," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 638-651.
    13. Deppermann, Andre & Offermann, Frank & Grethe, Harald, 2016. "Redistributive effects of CAP liberalisation: From the sectoral level to the single farm," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 26-43.
    14. S. Severini & A. Tantari, 2015. "Which factors affect the distribution of direct payments among farmers in the EU Member States?," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 42(1), pages 25-48, February.
    15. Ciliberti, Stefano & Frascarelli, Angelo, 2018. "Does the basic payment efficiently enhance farm incomes? Evidences from Italy," 162nd Seminar, April 26-27, 2018, Budapest, Hungary 271957, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    16. Ciliberti, Stefano & Frascarelli, Angelo, 2015. "A critical assessment of the implementation of CAP 2014- 2020 direct payments in Italy," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 4(3), pages 1-17, December.
    17. Galluzzo Nicola, 2020. "A Technical Efficiency Analysis of Financial Subsidies Allocated by the Cap in Romanian Farms Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 12(4), pages 494-505, December.
    18. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella, 2014. "How do different off-farm income sources affect income inequality among farm households?," 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia 182843, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    19. Luigi Biagini & Simone Severini, 2021. "The role of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in enhancing and stabilising farm income: an analysis of income transfer efficiency and the Income Stabilisation Tool," Papers 2104.14188, arXiv.org.
    20. Stefano Ciliberti & Luca Palazzoni & Sofia Maria Lilli & Angelo Frascarelli, 2022. "Direct Payments to Provide Environmental Public Goods and Enhance Farm Incomes: Do Allocation Criteria Matter?," Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, vol. 13(1-2).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:agfoec:v:6:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1186_s40100-018-0113-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.