IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/iimkoz/v13y2024i1p7-24.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Balanced Funds in India Amid COVID-19 Crisis: Spreader of Financial Contagion?

Author

Listed:
  • Priya Malhotra
  • Pankaj Sinha

Abstract

In its latest financial stability report, dated 11 January 2021, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) emphasised the significance of balanced mutual funds in risk transmission. We investigate the transmission of volatility and contagion effect from Indian balanced funds to representative indices—Bank, PSU Bank, Private Bank, Financial Services, Broader Market, Services Sector and Fixed Income—using three established models: Diagonal BEKK (1995), Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC GARCH (2002)) and network model. In analyses of financial time series data, the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely regarded as a structural break. We may better understand the dynamism and scale of spillover before and during a crisis by dividing the study into two periods: pre-COVID-19 (January 2011–29 December 2019) and during COVID-19 (30 December 2019–20 April 2021). The results of all three models support our hypothesis of statistically significant spillover from balanced funds to chosen indices, with strong persistence and a marked increase in long-term volatility spillover, showing the presence of contagion effects. The findings of this paper can assist fund managers in diversifying their portfolios while also benefiting investors educationally. JEL Classification: C23, G12, G23

Suggested Citation

  • Priya Malhotra & Pankaj Sinha, 2024. "Balanced Funds in India Amid COVID-19 Crisis: Spreader of Financial Contagion?," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 13(1), pages 7-24, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:iimkoz:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:7-24
    DOI: 10.1177/22779752211050693
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/22779752211050693
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/22779752211050693?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Luca De Angelis & Attilio Gardini, 2015. "Disequilibria and Contagion in Financial Markets: Evidence from a New Test," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 247-265, November.
    2. Guillermo A. Calvo & Leonardo Leiderman & Carmen M. Reinhart, 1996. "Inflows of Capital to Developing Countries in the 1990s," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 10(2), pages 123-139, Spring.
    3. King, Mervyn A & Wadhwani, Sushil, 1990. "Transmission of Volatility between Stock Markets," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 3(1), pages 5-33.
    4. Engle, Robert F. & Kroner, Kenneth F., 1995. "Multivariate Simultaneous Generalized ARCH," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 11(1), pages 122-150, February.
    5. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    6. Taimur Baig & Ilan Goldfajn, 1999. "Financial Market Contagion in the Asian Crisis," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 46(2), pages 1-3.
    7. Ilene Grabel, 2003. "Averting crisis? Assessing measures to manage financial integration in emerging economies," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 27(3), pages 317-336, May.
    8. Lorenzo Cappiello & Robert F. Engle & Kevin Sheppard, 2006. "Asymmetric Dynamics in the Correlations of Global Equity and Bond Returns," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 4(4), pages 537-572.
    9. Dua, Pami & Tuteja, Divya, 2016. "Financial crises and dynamic linkages across international stock and currency markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 249-261.
    10. Krishna Reddy Chittedi, 2015. "Financial Crisis and Contagion Effects to Indian Stock Market: ‘DCC–GARCH’ Analysis," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 16(1), pages 50-60, February.
    11. Matthew Yiu & Wai-Yip Alex Ho & Daniel Choi, 2010. "Dynamic correlation analysis of financial contagion in Asian markets in global financial turmoil," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(4), pages 345-354.
    12. Bekaert, Geert & Harvey, Campbell R, 1995. "Time-Varying World Market Integration," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(2), pages 403-444, June.
    13. Roy, Rudra Prosad & Sinha Roy, Saikat, 2017. "Financial contagion and volatility spillover: An exploration into Indian commodity derivative market," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 368-380.
    14. Andrei Shleifer & Robert Vishny, 2011. "Fire Sales in Finance and Macroeconomics," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 25(1), pages 29-48, Winter.
    15. Yao, Xiaoyang & Le, Wei & Sun, Xiaolei & Li, Jianping, 2020. "Financial stress dynamics in China: An interconnectedness perspective," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 217-238.
    16. Andrew W. Lo & Mila Getmansky & Peter A. Lee, 2015. "Hedge Funds: A Dynamic Industry in Transition," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 483-577, December.
    17. Franck Martin & Mai lan Nguyen, 2015. "Asymmetric dynamics in the correlations of hedge fund strategy indices: what lessons about financial contagion ?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 35(4), pages 2110-2125.
    18. Ahmad, Wasim & Sehgal, Sanjay & Bhanumurthy, N.R., 2013. "Eurozone crisis and BRIICKS stock markets: Contagion or market interdependence?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 209-225.
    19. Peltonen, Tuomas A. & Scheicher, Martin & Vuillemey, Guillaume, 2014. "The network structure of the CDS market and its determinants," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 13(C), pages 118-133.
    20. Mardi Dungey & Renee Fry & Brenda Gonzalez-Hermosillo & Vance Martin, 2005. "Empirical modelling of contagion: a review of methodologies," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 9-24.
    21. Puy, Damien, 2016. "Mutual funds flows and the geography of contagion," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 73-93.
    22. Henry, Peter Blair, 2000. "Do stock market liberalizations cause investment booms?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1-2), pages 301-334.
    23. Engle, Robert, 2002. "Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(3), pages 339-350, July.
    24. T. K. Dhaneesh Kumar & B. G. Poornima & P. K. Sudarsan, 2017. "Effectiveness of Currency Futures Market in India: An Empirical Investigation," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 6(2), pages 196-203, July.
    25. Shegorika Rajwani & Dilip Kumar, 2016. "Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation Approach to Financial Contagion: A Study of Asian Markets," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 17(6), pages 1339-1356, December.
    26. Kim, Sang W. & Rogers, John H., 1995. "International stock price spillovers and market liberalization: Evidence from Korea, Japan, and the United States," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 117-133, June.
    27. Dooley, Michael & Hutchison, Michael, 2009. "Transmission of the U.S. subprime crisis to emerging markets: Evidence on the decoupling-recoupling hypothesis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(8), pages 1331-1349, December.
    28. Thomas Moser, 2003. "What Is International Financial Contagion?," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(2), pages 157-178, July.
    29. Gábor Dávid Kiss & Tamás Schuszter, 2015. "The Euro Crisis and Contagion among Central and Eastern European Currencies: Recommendations for Avoiding Lending in a Safe Haven Currency such as CHF," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2015(6), pages 678-698.
    30. Hwang, Eugene & Min, Hong-Ghi & Kim, Bong-Han & Kim, Hyeongwoo, 2013. "Determinants of stock market comovements among US and emerging economies during the US financial crisis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 338-348.
    31. Baur, Dirk G., 2012. "Financial contagion and the real economy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 2680-2692.
    32. Bellalah, Mondher & Zouari, Sami & Levyne, Olivier, 2016. "The performance of hybrid models in the assessment of default risk," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PA), pages 259-265.
    33. Mohamed Amin Chakroun & Mohamed Imen Gallali, 2021. "Dependence between Islamic banks and conventional banks and risk factors," International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 12(3), pages 201-239.
    34. Rahul Kaushik & Stefano Battiston, 2013. "Credit Default Swaps Drawup Networks: Too Interconnected to Be Stable?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(7), pages 1-8, July.
    35. Akyildirim, Erdinc & Corbet, Shaen & Lucey, Brian & Sensoy, Ahmet & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2020. "The relationship between implied volatility and cryptocurrency returns," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).
    36. Matthew S. Yiu & Wai-Yip Alex Ho & Lu Jin, 2010. "Dynamic Correlation Analysis of Financial Spillover to Asian and Latin American Markets in Global Financial Turmoil," Working Papers 1001, Hong Kong Monetary Authority.
    37. Ballester, Laura & Casu, Barbara & González-Urteaga, Ana, 2016. "Bank fragility and contagion: Evidence from the bank CDS market," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(PA), pages 394-416.
    38. Kenourgios, Dimitris & Padhi, Puja, 2012. "Emerging markets and financial crises: Regional, global or isolated shocks?," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 24-38.
    39. Veysel Eraslan, 2017. "Do sovereign rating announcements affect emerging market exchange rate correlations? A multivariate DCC-GARCH approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(21), pages 2060-2082, May.
    40. Tarunika Jain Agrawal & Sanjay Sehgal, 2018. "Dynamic Interaction of Bank Risk Exposures: An Empirical Study for the Indian Banking Industry," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 7(2), pages 132-153, July.
    41. Moser, Thomas, 2003. "What Is International Financial Contagion?," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(2), pages 157-178, Summer.
    42. Chen, Gong-meng & Firth, Michael & Meng Rui, Oliver, 2002. "Stock market linkages: Evidence from Latin America," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 1113-1141, June.
    43. Connolly, Robert A. & Wang, F. Albert, 2003. "International equity market comovements: Economic fundamentals or contagion?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 23-43, January.
    44. Collins, Daryl & Biekpe, Nicholas, 2003. "Contagion: a fear for African equity markets?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(3), pages 285-297.
    45. Choe, Kwang-il & Choi, Pilsun & Nam, Kiseok & Vahid, Farshid, 2012. "Testing financial contagion on heteroskedastic asset returns in time-varying conditional correlation," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 271-291.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ahmad, Wasim & Sehgal, Sanjay & Bhanumurthy, N.R., 2013. "Eurozone crisis and BRIICKS stock markets: Contagion or market interdependence?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 209-225.
    2. Pappas, Vasileios & Ingham, Hilary & Izzeldin, Marwan & Steele, Gerry, 2016. "Will the crisis “tear us apart”? Evidence from the EU," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 346-360.
    3. Wasim Ahmad & N.R. Bhanumurthy & Sanjay Sehgal, 2014. "The Eurozone crisis and its contagion effects on the European stock markets," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 31(3), pages 325-352, July.
    4. Sercan Demiralay & Veysel Ulusoy, 2017. "How Has the Behavior of Cross-Market Correlations Altered During Financial and Debt Crises?," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 85(6), pages 765-794, December.
    5. Dua, Pami & Tuteja, Divya, 2016. "Financial crises and dynamic linkages across international stock and currency markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 249-261.
    6. Castagneto-Gissey, G. & Nivorozhkin, E., 2016. "No contagion from Russia toward global equity markets after the 2014 international sanctions," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 79-98.
    7. Kang, Sang Hoon & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Troster, Victor & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2019. "Directional spillover effects between ASEAN and world stock markets," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 52.
    8. Alexakis, Christos & Pappas, Vasileios, 2018. "Sectoral dynamics of financial contagion in Europe - The cases of the recent crises episodes," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 222-239.
    9. Pami Dua & Divya Tuteja, 2016. "Contagion in International Stock and Currency Markets During Recent Crisis Episodes," Working papers 258, Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics.
    10. Woon Sau Leung & Nicholas Taylor, 2013. "Testing for contagion: the impact of US structured markets on international financial markets," Chapters, in: Adrian R. Bell & Chris Brooks & Marcel Prokopczuk (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Finance, chapter 11, pages 256-284, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    11. Mpoha, Salifya & Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo, 2021. "Spillover effects from China and the US to global emerging markets: a dynamic analysis," MPRA Paper 109349, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Rajan Sruthi & Santhakumar Shijin, 2020. "Investigating liquidity constraints as a channel of contagion: a regime switching approach," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-21, December.
    13. Liow, Kim Hiang & Song, Jeongseop, 2020. "Dynamic interdependence of ASEAN5 with G5 stock markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    14. Domingo Rodríguez Benavides & Ignacio Perrotini Hernández, 2019. "Las correlaciones dinámicas de contagio financiero:Estados Unidos y América Latina," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 14(2), pages 151-168, Abril-Jun.
    15. Henryk Gurgul & Robert Syrek, 2023. "Contagion between selected European indexes during the Covid-19 pandemic," Operations Research and Decisions, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, vol. 33(1), pages 47-59.
    16. Kenourgios, Dimitris & Asteriou, Dimitrios & Samitas, Aristeidis, 2013. "Testing for asymmetric financial contagion: New evidence from the Asian crisis," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 129-137.
    17. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Mutascu, Mihai Ioan & Albulescu, Claudiu Tiberiu, 2016. "Continuous wavelet transform and rolling correlation of European stock markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 237-256.
    18. Kim, Bong-Han & Kim, Hyeongwoo & Lee, Bong-Soo, 2015. "Spillover effects of the U.S. financial crisis on financial markets in emerging Asian countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 192-210.
    19. Shegorika Rajwani & Dilip Kumar, 2016. "Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation Approach to Financial Contagion: A Study of Asian Markets," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 17(6), pages 1339-1356, December.
    20. Claudiu Tiberiu Albulescu & Daniel Goyeau & Aviral Kumar Tiwari, 2017. "Co-movements and contagion between international stock index futures markets," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 52(4), pages 1529-1568, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Contagion; balanced funds; spillover; volatility; COVID-19 crisis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:iimkoz:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:7-24. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.