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Innovation stochastique et coût de la réglementation environnementale

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  • Kennedy, Peter

    (Département d’économique, Université de Victoria)

Abstract

This paper illustrates that the cost of regulation can be negative when regulation-induced innovation has a stochastic element. There are two aspects to this finding. First, if the firm is risk neutral then regulation necessarily raises expected costs but costs can be lower ex post for some realizations of the innovation process. Whether this cost reduction is most likely for unfavourable or favourable realizations of the stochastic element depends on whether good fortune and research effort are substitutes or complements in the innovation process. The second aspect involves the implications of risk aversion and risk preference. In both cases it is possible for regulation to reduce costs on average because the regulation can induce the firm to undertake a level of research closer to that which minimizes expected cost. Cette étude démontre que le coût de la réglementation peut être négatif quand l’innovation induite par la réglementation a un élément stochastique. Ce résultat comporte deux aspects. Premièrement, si l’entreprise est neutre envers le risque, la réglementation fait nécessairement augmenter les coûts attendus, mais les coûts peuvent être inférieurs ex post pour certaines réalisations du processus d’innovation. Le fait que cette réduction de coûts sera plus probable pour des réalisations favorables ou défavorables de l’élément stochastique dépend de ce que la chance et l’effort de recherche sont des substituts ou des compléments du processus d’innovation. Le second aspect met en cause les implications de l’aversion au risque ou du goût pour le risque. Dans les deux cas, il est possible que la réglementation fasse diminuer les coûts en moyenne puisqu’elle peut inciter la firme à entreprendre un niveau de recherche plus proche de celui qui minimise le coût espéré.

Suggested Citation

  • Kennedy, Peter, 1994. "Innovation stochastique et coût de la réglementation environnementale," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 70(2), pages 199-209, juin.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:70:y:1994:i:2:p:199-209
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    2. Charles Dufour & Paul Lanoie & Michel Patry, 1998. "Regulation and Productivity," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 9(3), pages 233-247, March.
    3. Ambec, Stefan & Barla, Philippe, 2007. "Survol des fondements théoriques de l’hypothèse de Porter," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 83(3), pages 399-413, septembre.
    4. André, Francisco J., 2015. "Strategic Effects and the Porter Hypothesis," MPRA Paper 62237, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Stefan Ambec & Mark A. Cohen & Stewart Elgie & Paul Lanoie, 2013. "The Porter Hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness?," Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 7(1), pages 2-22, January.
    6. Stefan Ambec & Paul Lanoie, 2007. "When and Why Does It Pay To Be Green?," CIRANO Working Papers 2007s-20, CIRANO.
    7. Jérôme Trotignon, 2010. "La restriction des émissions de CO2 pénalise-t-elle les exportations ? Un modèle de gravité avec données de panel et variables muettes régionales," Post-Print halshs-00477244, HAL.
    8. Ambec, Stefan & Barla, Philippe, 2005. "Can Environmental Regulations be Good for Business? an Assessment of the Porter Hypothesis," Cahiers de recherche 0505, Université Laval - Département d'économique.
    9. Charles Dufour & Paul Lanoie & Michel Patry, 1995. "Regulation and Productivity in the Quebec Manufacturing Sector," CIRANO Working Papers 95s-12, CIRANO.
    10. Ambec, Stefan & Barla, Philippe, 2001. "Productivité et réglementation environnementale: une analyse de l'hypothèse de Porter," Cahiers de recherche 0107, Université Laval - Département d'économique.
    11. Trotignon, Jérôme, 2010. "La Restriction des émissions de CO2 pénalise-t-elle les exportations? Un modèle de gravité avec données de panel et variables muettes régionales," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 86(1), pages 5-33, mars.
    12. Philippe Barla & Christos Constantatos & Markus Herrmann, 2008. "Environmental Regulation as a Coordination Device for the Introduction of a Green Product: The Porter’s Hypothesis Revisited," Discussion Paper Series 2008_04, Department of Economics, University of Macedonia, revised May 2008.
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