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Social support and subjective burden in caregivers of adults and older adults: A meta-analysis

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  • Rafael del-Pino-Casado
  • Antonio Frías-Osuna
  • Pedro A Palomino-Moral
  • María Ruzafa-Martínez
  • Antonio J Ramos-Morcillo

Abstract

Background: Despite the generally accepted belief that social support improves caregiver adjustment in general and subjective burden in particular, the literature shows mixed findings, and a recent review concluded that the predictive strength of caregiver social support in determining caregiver burden is less evident, due to the conceptual diversity of this determinant. Objective: The purpose of this review is to analyse the relationship of perceived and received social support with subjective burden among informal caregivers of an adult or older adult. Methods: A systematic search was carried out up to September 2017 in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO), Scopus and ISI Proceedings, and a meta-analysis was performed with the results of the selected and included studies. Results: Fifty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis, which provided 46 independent comparisons for perceived support and 16 for received support. Most of these studies were cross-sectional. There was a moderate, negative association of perceived social support on subjective burden (r = -0.36; CI 95% = -0.40, -0.32) and a very small, negative association of received support on subjective burden (r = -0.05; CI 95% = -0.095, -0.001). Conclusions: 1) perceived and received support are not redundant constructs, 2) the relationships between social support and subjective burden depend on whether the social support is measured as perceived or received, 3) the relationship of perceived social support with subjective burden has a bigger effect size than that of received social support, the relation between received support and subjective burden being clinically irrelevant, 4) perceived social support may be a good predictor of subjective burden. Implications of key findings: Our findings broadly support interventions promoting social support in caregivers to prevent or alleviate subjective burden, and specifically, to intervene on the promotion of perceived social support more than on the promotion of received social support when preventing or alleviating burden.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafael del-Pino-Casado & Antonio Frías-Osuna & Pedro A Palomino-Moral & María Ruzafa-Martínez & Antonio J Ramos-Morcillo, 2018. "Social support and subjective burden in caregivers of adults and older adults: A meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0189874
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189874
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    2. Amy K. Otto & Dana Ketcher & Maija Reblin & Alexandra L. Terrill, 2022. "Positive Psychology Approaches to Interventions for Cancer Dyads: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-29, October.
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    5. Laura Muñoz-Bermejo & José Carmelo Adsuar & Salvador Postigo-Mota & Inés Casado-Verdejo & Claudia Mara de Melo-Tavares & Miguel Ángel Garcia-Gordillo & Jorge Pérez-Gómez & Jorge Carlos-Vivas, 2020. "Relationship of Perceived Social Support with Mental Health in Older Caregivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, May.
    6. Maija Reblin & Djin L. Tay & Eli Iacob & Kristin G. Cloyes & Megan C. Thomas Hebdon & Lee Ellington, 2023. "Hospice Caregivers’ Perception of Family and Non-Family Social Support and Stress over Time: Associations with Reports of General Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-9, March.
    7. Vânia Lídia Soares & Sara Lemos & Maria do Céu Barbieri-Figueiredo & Maria Carminda Soares Morais & Carlos Sequeira, 2023. "Diabetes Mellitus Family Assessment Instruments: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-27, January.
    8. Tatjana Rajovic & Natasa Todorovic & Milutin Vracevic & Nina Rajovic & Andrija Pavlovic & Vedrana Pavlovic & Igor Grbic & Rosa Sapic & Slavica Krsmanovic & Marijana Vukmirovic & Tamara Stanisavljevic , 2021. "From Burden to Depressive Symptoms in Informal Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Path Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-13, September.
    9. Emma Armstrong-Carter & A. T. Panter & Bryant Hutson & Elizabeth A. Olson, 2022. "A university-wide survey of caregiving students in the US: Individual differences and associations with emotional and academic adjustment," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
    10. Rafael del-Pino-Casado & Marta Rodríguez Cardosa & Catalina López-Martínez & Vasiliki Orgeta, 2019. "The association between subjective caregiver burden and depressive symptoms in carers of older relatives: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, May.
    11. María Nieves Rodríguez-Madrid & María del Río-Lozano & Rosario Fernández-Peña & María del Mar García-Calvente, 2021. "Changes in Caregiver Personal Support Networks: Gender Differences and Effects on Health (CUIDAR-SE Study)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-15, November.
    12. Longobardo, Luz María Peña & Rodríguez-Sánchez, Beatriz & Oliva, Juan, 2023. "Does becoming an informal caregiver make your health worse? A longitudinal analysis across Europe," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    13. Leticia García-Mochón & Luz María Peña-Longobardo & María del Río-Lozano & Juan Oliva-Moreno & Isabel Larrañaga-Padilla & María del Mar García-Calvente, 2019. "Determinants of Burden and Satisfaction in Informal Caregivers: Two Sides of the Same Coin? The CUIDAR-SE Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-13, November.

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