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Transporte público de buses versus congestión y contaminación en Lima y Callao Reflexiones para la política sectorial de salud en Perú a partir de las Cuentas Nacionales de Salud

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  • Manuel Martínez Espinal

Abstract

Se mide la influencia del transporte público de buses sobre la congestión vehicular y sobre la contaminación ambiental de Lima y Callao. Se modela el efecto de los flujos de buses sobre la red de transporte mediante un software de asignación dinámica de tráfico Dynasmart. Se construye la base de datos sobre el Plan Maestro 2005-2025. Para ello, se verifica la red de transporte por Google Earth, y se utilizan mediciones de campo sobre capacidad, velocidad, y funciones volumen-demora que describen la congestión vial. Se calculan los flujos de uses con el software Emme3. Se construyen las matrices origen-destino por cada hora a partir de la matriz origendestino de 24 horas del Plan Maestro. En el caso de la congestión, se mide una influencia exacta y otra máxima de los flujos de buses, y también el caso de segregar un carril de vía para un sistema de buses rápidos, un tema frecuente de discusión. En el caso de la contaminación, se utiliza la influencia exacta de los flujos de buses para medir consumo de combustible y emisión de contaminantes para la alternativa de reducción de buses de transporte público y otras cinco alternativas más, entre ellas la implementación de un sistema de buses rápidos con buses a gas. Se obtiene que, reducir la flota de buses a la mitad, incrementa la velocidad de la red de transporte entre 2 y 7% diario y entre 9 y 14% a las 11 am, y que produce un 46% de los beneficios de promover combustibles limpios e inspección como mantenimiento; es decir, que esta medida es poco efectiva en reducir la congestión y que su prioridad debiera reducirse en aliviar la contaminación.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Martínez Espinal, 2017. "Transporte público de buses versus congestión y contaminación en Lima y Callao Reflexiones para la política sectorial de salud en Perú a partir de las Cuentas Nacionales de Salud," Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, vol. 40(79), pages 47-86.
    • Handle: RePEc:pcp:pucrev:y:2017i:79:p:47-86
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    References listed on IDEAS

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