IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/marecl/v20y2018i1d10.1057_s41278-017-0091-7.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Private entry in cruise terminal operations in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Listed:
  • Athanasios A. Pallis

    (University of the Aegean)

  • Francesco Parola

    (University of Genoa)

  • Giovanni Satta

    (University of Genoa)

  • Theo E. Notteboom

    (Shanghai Maritime University)

Abstract

This study examines private entry strategies and internationalization patterns in the cruise terminal industry. The focus is on the second biggest cruise region in the world, the Mediterranean and its adjoining seas. A database detailing the ownership structures observed in cruise terminals in 18 different countries forms the backbone of the empirical analysis. This dataset details the entry strategies and implementation options of cruise terminal operators, their corporate features and strategies, and the emerging partnership dynamics. Methodologically, our analysis is based on earlier constructs used to conceptualize entry forms and strategic management in container terminals and port governance systems. The findings suggest that cruise terminals are subject to an initial phase of privatization and internationalization. The outcomes point to the emergence of international cruise terminal operators and the active presence of cruise lines and other types of entities (including port and shipping companies, shipping agents, and Chambers of Commerce). While the cruise terminal development path shows some similarities with what happened in container ports a few decades ago, an array of differences also emerge.

Suggested Citation

  • Athanasios A. Pallis & Francesco Parola & Giovanni Satta & Theo E. Notteboom, 2018. "Private entry in cruise terminal operations in the Mediterranean Sea," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 20(1), pages 1-28, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:marecl:v:20:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1057_s41278-017-0091-7
    DOI: 10.1057/s41278-017-0091-7
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41278-017-0091-7
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41278-017-0091-7?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lorenzo Gui & Antonio Paolo Russo, 2011. "Cruise ports: a strategic nexus between regions and global lines—evidence from the Mediterranean," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(2), pages 129-150, January.
    2. Jean-Paul Rodrigue & Theo Notteboom & Athanasios A. Pallis, 2010. "The financialization of the port and terminal industry: revisiting risk and embeddedness," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(2), pages 191-213, November.
    3. Perry, Martin K., 1989. "Vertical integration: Determinants and effects," Handbook of Industrial Organization, in: R. Schmalensee & R. Willig (ed.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 183-255, Elsevier.
    4. Gunwoo Lee & Min-Kyu Lee, 2017. "Estimation of the shore excursion expenditure function during cruise tourism in Korea," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(4), pages 524-535, May.
    5. Athanasios A Pallis & Theo E Notteboom & Peter W De Langen, 2008. "Concession Agreements and Market Entry in the Container Terminal Industry," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 10(3), pages 209-228, September.
    6. Giovanni Satta & Luca Persico, 2015. "Entry mode choices of rapidly internationalizing terminal operators:The determinants of the degree of control on foreign ventures," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 17(1), pages 97-126, March.
    7. Wang, Grace W.Y. & Pallis, Athanasios A., 2014. "Incentive approaches to overcome moral hazard in port concession agreements," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 162-174.
    8. Harilaos N. Psaraftis & Athanasios A. Pallis, 2011. "Concession of the Piraeus container terminal: turbulent times and the quest for competitiveness," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(1), pages 27-43, July.
    9. Raffaele Della Croce & Stefano Gatti, 2014. "Financing infrastructure – International trends," OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, OECD Publishing, vol. 2014(1), pages 123-138.
    10. Soppé, Martin & Parola, Francesco & Frémont, Antoine, 2009. "Emerging inter-industry partnerships between shipping lines and stevedores: from rivalry to cooperation?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 10-20.
    11. Francesco Parola & Giovanni Satta & Simone Caschili, 2014. "Unveiling co-operative networks and 'hidden families' in the container port industry," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(4), pages 384-404, July.
    12. Stefano Soriani & Stefania Bertazzon & Francesco DI Cesare & Gloria Rech, 2009. "Cruising in the Mediterranean: structural aspects and evolutionary trends," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 235-251, June.
    13. Georgios K. Vaggelas & Athanasios A. Pallis, 2010. "Passenger ports: services provision and their benefits," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(1), pages 73-89, January.
    14. Keith D. Brouthers & Lance Eliot Brouthers & Steve Werner, 2008. "Real Options, International Entry Mode Choice and Performance," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(5), pages 936-960, July.
    15. Edouard Turkisch, 2011. "Sovereign Wealth Funds as Investors in Africa: Opportunities and Barriers," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 303, OECD Publishing.
    16. Theo E. Notteboom & Athanasios A. Pallis & Peter W. De Langen & Aimilia Papachristou, 2013. "Advances in port studies: the contribution of 40 years Maritime Policy & Management," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(7), pages 636-653, December.
    17. Francesco Parola & Giovanni Satta & Luca Persico & Enrico Di Bella, 2013. "Entry mode choices in international markets: examining the antecedents of service firms' strategies," International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 5(1/2), pages 34-57.
    18. Satta, Giovanni & Parola, Francesco & Persico, Luca, 2014. "Temporal and Spatial Constructs in Service Firms' Internationalization Patterns: The Determinants of the Accelerated Growth of Emerging MNEs," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 421-435.
    19. Giovanni Satta & Francesco Parola & Simone Caschili, 2014. "Dealing with uncertainty and volatility in the port industry network: social and instrumental antecedents of "clique" survival," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(7), pages 615-633, December.
    20. Yadong Luo, 2001. "Determinants of Entry in an Emerging Economy: A Multilevel Approach," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(3), pages 443-472, May.
    21. Thanos Pallis, 2015. "Cruise Shipping and Urban Development: State of the Art of the Industry and Cruise Ports," International Transport Forum Discussion Papers 2015/14, OECD Publishing.
    22. Jasmine Siu Lee Lam & Theo Notteboom, 2014. "The Greening of Ports: A Comparison of Port Management Tools Used by Leading Ports in Asia and Europe," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(2), pages 169-189, March.
    23. Assunta Di Vaio & Francesca Medda & Lourdes Trujillo, 2011. "An Analysis Of The Efficiency Of Italian Cruise Terminals," Articles, International Journal of Transport Economics, vol. 38(1).
    24. Francesco Parola & Enrico Musso, 2007. "Market structures and competitive strategies: the carrier--stevedore arm-wrestling in northern European ports," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(3), pages 259-278, June.
    25. Theo E. Notteboom & Athanasios A. Pallis & Sheila Farrell, 2012. "Terminal concessions in seaports revisited," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(1), pages 1-5, January.
    26. Jeronimo Esteve-Perez & Antonio Garcia-Sanchez, 2017. "Characteristics and consequences of the cruise traffic seasonality on ports: the Spanish Mediterranean case," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(3), pages 358-372, April.
    27. Parola, Francesco & Notteboom, Theo & Satta, Giovanni & Rodrigue, Jean-Paul, 2013. "Analysis of factors underlying foreign entry strategies of terminal operators in container ports," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 72-84.
    28. Erramilli, M. Krishna, 1992. "Influence of some external and internal environmental factors on foreign market entry mode choice in service firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 263-276, December.
    29. Athanasios Pallis & Thomas Vitsounis & Peter De Langen & Theo Notteboom, 2011. "Port Economics, Policy and Management: Content Classification and Survey," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(4), pages 445-471.
    30. Dong-Wook Song, 2003. "Port co-opetition in concept and practice," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(1), pages 29-44, January.
    31. Daniel Olivier, 2005. "Private Entry and Emerging Partnerships in Container Terminal Operations: Evidence from Asia," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 7(2), pages 87-115, June.
    32. Peter W. De Langen & Athanasios A. Pallis, 2007. "Entry barriers in seaports," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(5), pages 427-440, October.
    33. Daniel Olivier & Francesco Parola & Brian Slack & James J Wang, 2007. "The Time Scale of Internationalisation: The Case of the Container Port Industry," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 9(1), pages 1-34, March.
    34. J J Boddewyn & Marsha Baldwin Halbrich & A C Perry, 1986. "Service Multinationals: Conceptualization, Measurement and Theory," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 17(3), pages 41-57, September.
    35. Li, Peter Ping, 2007. "Toward an integrated theory of multinational evolution: The evidence of Chinese multinational enterprises as latecomers," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 296-318, September.
    36. Theo Notteboom & Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2012. "The corporate geography of global container terminal operators," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(3), pages 249-279, May.
    37. Theo E. Notteboom & Willy Winkelmans, 2001. "Structural changes in logistics: how will port authorities face the challenge?," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1), pages 71-89, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sergi Ros Chaos & Athanasios A. Pallis & Sergi Saurí Marchán & David Pino Roca & Agustín Sánchez-Arcilla Conejo, 2021. "Economies of scale in cruise shipping," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 23(4), pages 674-696, December.
    2. Tsiotas, Dimitrios & Niavis, Spyros & Sdrolias, Labros, 2018. "Operational and geographical dynamics of ports in the topology of cruise networks: The case of Mediterranean," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 23-35.
    3. Sun, Ling & Luo, Meifeng & Yang, Yanbin, 2023. "Compensation mechanism for port time extension in cruise line designs," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 144-154.
    4. Alejandro Vega-Muñoz & Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda & Nicolás Contreras-Barraza & Lorena Araya-Silva, 2021. "Port Governance and Cruise Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Vicente-Cera, Isaías & Acevedo-Merino, Asunción & Nebot, Enrique & López-Ramírez, Juan Antonio, 2020. "Analyzing cruise ship itineraries patterns and vessels diversity in ports of the European maritime region: A hierarchical clustering approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    6. Yang, Dong & Notteboom, Theo & Zhou, Xin, 2021. "Spatial, temporal and institutional characteristics of entry strategies in inland container terminals: A comparison between Yangtze River and Rhine River," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Satta, Giovanni & Notteboom, Theo & Parola, Francesco & Persico, Luca, 2017. "Determinants of the long-term performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the port industry," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 135-153.
    2. Giovanni Satta & Francesco Parola & Simone Caschili, 2014. "Dealing with uncertainty and volatility in the port industry network: social and instrumental antecedents of "clique" survival," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(7), pages 615-633, December.
    3. Yang, Dong & Notteboom, Theo & Zhou, Xin, 2021. "Spatial, temporal and institutional characteristics of entry strategies in inland container terminals: A comparison between Yangtze River and Rhine River," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    4. Notteboom, Theo E. & Parola, Francesco & Satta, Giovanni & Pallis, Athanasios A., 2017. "The relationship between port choice and terminal involvement of alliance members in container shipping," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 158-173.
    5. Su-Han Woo & Stephen Pettit & Anthony Beresford & Dong-Wook Kwak, 2012. "Seaport Research: A Decadal Analysis of Trends and Themes Since the 1980s," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 351-377, January.
    6. Parola, Francesco & Notteboom, Theo & Satta, Giovanni & Rodrigue, Jean-Paul, 2013. "Analysis of factors underlying foreign entry strategies of terminal operators in container ports," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 72-84.
    7. Assunta Di Vaio & Flavio Boccia & Lourdes Trujillo, 2020. "The cooperation strategies for the performance improvement in the cruise sea–land logistics: evidence from Italy," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(5), pages 1479-1490, December.
    8. Theo Notteboom & Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2023. "Maritime container terminal infrastructure, network corporatization, and global terminal operators: Implications for international business policy," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 6(1), pages 67-83, March.
    9. Theo Notteboom & Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2012. "The corporate geography of global container terminal operators," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(3), pages 249-279, May.
    10. Geraldine Knatz & Theo Notteboom & Athanasios A. Pallis, 2022. "Container terminal automation: revealing distinctive terminal characteristics and operating parameters," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 24(3), pages 537-565, September.
    11. Panayides, Photis M. & Parola, Francesco & Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee, 2015. "The effect of institutional factors on public–private partnership success in ports," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 110-127.
    12. Yoshihisa Sugimura & Kazuhiko Ishiguro & Azuma Kato, 2022. "Possibility of Sustainable Entry into Overseas Port Operation Markets by Japanese Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, September.
    13. Satta, Giovanni & Parola, Francesco & Persico, Luca, 2014. "Temporal and Spatial Constructs in Service Firms' Internationalization Patterns: The Determinants of the Accelerated Growth of Emerging MNEs," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 421-435.
    14. Ng, Adolf K.Y. & Ducruet, César & Jacobs, Wouter & Monios, Jason & Notteboom, Theo & Rodrigue, Jean-Paul & Slack, Brian & Tam, Ka-chai & Wilmsmeier, Gordon, 2014. "Port geography at the crossroads with human geography: between flows and spaces," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 84-96.
    15. Francesco Parola & Giovanni Satta & Simone Caschili, 2014. "Unveiling co-operative networks and 'hidden families' in the container port industry," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(4), pages 384-404, July.
    16. Theo Notteboom & Thanos Pallis & Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2021. "Disruptions and resilience in global container shipping and ports: the COVID-19 pandemic versus the 2008–2009 financial crisis," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 23(2), pages 179-210, June.
    17. Pallis, Athanasios A. & de Langen, Peter W., 2010. "Seaports and the structural implications of the economic crisis," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 10-18.
    18. Zhu, Shengda & Fu, Xiaowen & Bell, Michael G.H., 2021. "Container shipping line port choice patterns in East Asia the effects of port affiliation and spatial dependence," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    19. Parola, Francesco & Pallis, Athanasios A. & Risitano, Marcello & Ferretti, Marco, 2018. "Marketing strategies of Port Authorities: A multi-dimensional theorisation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 199-212.
    20. Theo E. Notteboom & Hercules E. Haralambides, 2020. "Port management and governance in a post-COVID-19 era: quo vadis?," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 22(3), pages 329-352, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:marecl:v:20:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1057_s41278-017-0091-7. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.