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The Financing of Research and Development

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Author Info
Bronwyn H. Hall

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Abstract

Evidence on the 'funding gap' for R&D is surveyed. The focus is on financial-market reasons for under-investment in R&D that persist even in the absence of externality induced under-investment. The conclusions are that (i) small and new innovative firms experience high costs of capital that are only partly mitigated by the presence of venture capital; (ii) evidence for high costs of R&D capital for large firms is mixed, although these firms do prefer internal funds for financing these investments; (iii) there are limits to venture capital as a solution to the funding gap, especially in countries where public equity markets are not highly developed; and (iv) further study of governmental seed capital and subsidy programmes using quasi-experimental methods is warranted. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Oxford University Press in its journal Oxford Review of Economic Policy.

Volume (Year): 18 (2002)
Issue (Month): 1 (Spring)
Pages: 35-51
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Handle: RePEc:oup:oxford:v:18:y:2002:i:1:p:35-51

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References listed on IDEAS
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  2. Bronwyn H. Hall, Jacques Mairesse, Lee Branstetter, and Bruno Crepon., 1998. "Does Cash Flow Cause Investment and R& D: An Exploration Using Panel Data for French, Japanese, and United States Scientific Firms," Economics Working Papers 98-260, University of California at Berkeley. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Francis, Jennifer & Smith, Abbie, 1995. "Agency costs and innovation some empirical evidence," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2-3), pages 383-409, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Arellano, Manuel & Bond, Stephen, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(2), pages 277-97, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Bronwyn H. Hall & Jacques Mairesse & Benoit Mulkay & Jacques Mairesse, 1999. "Firm Level Investment in France and the United States: An Exploration of What We Have Learned in Twenty Years," Econometrics 9902001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
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  18. Dietmar Harhoff, 1997. "Are There Financing Constraints for R&D and Investment in German Manufacturing Firms?," CIG Working Papers FS IV 97-45, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG). [Downloadable!]
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  19. Paul A. David & Bronwyn H. Hall & Andrew A. Toole, 2000. "Is Public R&D a Complement or Substitute for Private R&D? A Review of the Econometric Evidence," Development and Comp Systems 9912002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
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  20. Alam, Pervaiz & Walton, Karen Schuele, 1995. "Information Asymmetry and Valuation Effects of Debt Financing," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 30(2), pages 289-311, May.
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  28. Michael J. Alderson & Brian L. Betker, 1996. "Liquidation Costs and Accounting Data," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 25(2), Summer.
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  32. Chung, Kee H & Wright, Peter, 1998. " Corporate Policy and Market Value: A q-Theory Approach," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 293-310, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  34. Yasushi Hamao & Frank Packer & Jay Ritter, 1998. "Institutional affiliation and the role of venture capital: evidence from initial public offerings in Japan," Research Paper 9807, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [Downloadable!]
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  35. Samuel Kortum & Josh Lerner, 2000. "Assessing the Contribution of Venture Capital to Innovation," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 31(4), pages 674-692, Winter.
  36. Hall, Bronwyn & Van Reenen, John, 2000. "How effective are fiscal incentives for R&D? A review of the evidence," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(4-5), pages 449-469, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  37. Lerner, Joshua, 1998. ""Angel" financing and public policy: An overview," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(6-8), pages 773-783, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  38. Bronwyn H. Hall & John van Reenen, 1999. "How Effective are Fiscal Incentives for R&D? A New Review of the Evidence," NBER Working Papers 7098, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  39. Josh Lerner & Alexander Tsai, 2000. "Do Equity Financing Cycles Matter? Evidence from Biotechnology Alliances," NBER Working Papers 7464, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  40. Asher Blass & Oved Yosha, 2003. "Financing R&D in mature companies: an empirical analysis," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 12(5), pages 425-447, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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