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A kereskedelmi megállapodások szerepe a klímaváltozásban. Szakirodalmi áttekintés
[The role of trade agreements in climate change. Systematic literature review]

Author

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  • Balogh, Jeremiás Máté

Abstract

Az éghajlatváltozással és kereskedelemmel kapcsolatos diskurzusban viszonylag mérsékelt figyelmet fordítanak a kereskedelmi megállapodások szerepére. Holott a párizsi klímacélok teljesüléséhez a kereskedelmi megállapodások is - a vámok csökkentése, a környezetbarát termékek szabályozásának harmonizálása, a piactorzító mezőgazdasági és fosszilisenergia-támogatások megszüntetése által - hozzájárulhatnának. A tanulmány a 2010 és 2020 között megjelent legújabb nemzetközi közgazdasági szakirodalom szisztematikus áttekintésével a nemzetközi kereskedelmi megállapodások éghajlatváltozásra gyakorolt hatásait vizsgálja. A szakirodalom alapján megállapítható, hogy a kereskedelmi tárgyalások, a WTO- megállapodások hatékonysága a nemzeti érdekek és a protekcionizmus előtérbe kerülése miatt gyengének mondható. Ráadásul a károsanyag-kibocsátás nemzetközi kereskedelmi rendszereinek és a kereskedelmi korlátoknak a felszámolása bizonyos esetekben akár növelheti is az üvegházhatású gázok kibocsátást. A tanulmány rámutat arra, hogy a karbon szivárgás jelensége alááshatja a nemzetközi klímacélok elérését. A kereskedelmi megállapodás legnagyobb haszonélvezői elsősorban a legnagyobb fejlett országok - az Egyesült Államok, Kína és az Európai Unió -, amelyek egyben a legnagyobb üvegházhatásúgáz-kibocsátók is. A szakirodalom szakpolitikai ajánlásokat is kínál a kereskedelmi megállapodásokkal kapcsolatos szén-dioxid-csökkentés és a klímaváltozás hatásainak enyhítése érdekében. Az elemzés a karbonadó, a karbonvám, a karbonár-harmonizáció, a kereskedelem nem vám jellegű akadályainak szabályozása, illetve a karbonszivárgás csökkentésének kérdésköreit is tárgyalja.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: F18, Q54.

Suggested Citation

  • Balogh, Jeremiás Máté, 2021. "A kereskedelmi megállapodások szerepe a klímaváltozásban. Szakirodalmi áttekintés [The role of trade agreements in climate change. Systematic literature review]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 540-563.
  • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1973
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2021.5.540
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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