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Clean Water Production Enhancement through the Integration of Small-Scale Solar Stills with Solar Dish Concentrators (SDCs)—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Mohd Fazly Yusof

    (River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol

    (River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia
    Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Andrei Victor Sandu

    (Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 61 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
    Romanian Inventors Forum, St. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
    National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection INCDPM, Splaiul Independentei 294, 060031 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Ali Riahi

    (River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Nor Azazi Zakaria

    (River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Syafiq Shaharuddin

    (River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Sharizal Abdul Aziz

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Norazian Mohamed Noor

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 01000, Perlis, Malaysia)

  • Petrica Vizureanu

    (Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 61 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
    Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Dacia Blvd 26, 030167 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Mohd Hafiz Zawawi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Jazaul Ikhsan

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia)

Abstract

The conventional solar still, as a water treatment technique, has been reported to produce water at a low working temperature where various thermal resistance pathogens could survive in their distillate. In this work, the reviews of previous research on the quality of water produced by passive solar stills and their productivities in initial basin water temperatures were first presented and discussed. The next review discussed some recent studies on the performances of small-scale solar stills integrated with SDCs (with and without sun-tracking systems (STSs)) to observe the operating temperatures from early hours until the end of operations, daily water yield, and cost per liter. Based on these findings, it was revealed that SDCs with STSs indicated an instant increase in the absorber water temperature up to 70 °C at the starting point of the experiments in which this temperature range marked the unbearable survival of the pathogenic organisms and viruses, particularly the recent SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, disinfection was also observed when the absorbers’ water temperature reached beyond the boiling point until the end of operations. This indicates the effectiveness of SDCs with STS in reflecting a large amount of sun’s rays and heat to the small-scale absorbers and providing higher operating absorbers temperatures compared to immobile SDCs. Daily productivities and costs per liter of the SDCs with STSs were found to be higher and lower than those of the other previous passive and active solar stills. Therefore, it is recommended that small-scale absorbers integrated with SDCs and STS can be used as a cost-effective and reliable method to produce hygienic pathogen-free water for the communities in remote and rural areas which encounter water scarcity and abundant annual bright sunshine hours.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohd Fazly Yusof & Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol & Andrei Victor Sandu & Ali Riahi & Nor Azazi Zakaria & Syafiq Shaharuddin & Mohd Sharizal Abdul Aziz & Norazian Mohamed Noor & Petrica Vizureanu , 2022. "Clean Water Production Enhancement through the Integration of Small-Scale Solar Stills with Solar Dish Concentrators (SDCs)—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5442-:d:806940
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    References listed on IDEAS

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