IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i23p15845-d986786.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Study on the Spatial Structure of the Bu-Ul-Gyeong Megacity Using the City Network Paradigm

Author

Listed:
  • Yoonjee Baek

    (Department of Urban Planning and Design, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Heesun Joo

    (Department of Urban Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Developing bidirectional urban networks within areas in megacities is an essential spatial strategy across regions today. In 2018, Korea began its Bu-Ul-Gyeong (BUG) megacity project. Today, Korea is working to improve functional polycentric urban networks within the BUG megacity. To uncover insights useful for this project, this study sought to examine urban network patterns (e.g., network asymmetries and imbalances in the sizes and directions of their weighted flows) and identify the primary and secondary centers of the BUG megacity using mobile flow data from 2019 to 2020. Specifically, a three-step social network analysis was conducted across different geographical scales; namely: (1) the BUG megacity, (2) South Gyeongsang Province (SGP), and (3) every community in SGP. Eigenvector centrality and flow betweenness centrality revealed two primary centers (Changwon and Jinju) and four secondary centers (Haman, Sacheon, Tongyeong, and Geochang). Unidirectional and hierarchical connections were evident between the primary and secondary centers. In response to these findings, this paper proposes some beneficial strategies for the region’s public transportation networks to prevent small- and medium-sized cities from being marginalized and to enhance horizontal urban connectivity in megacities.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoonjee Baek & Heesun Joo, 2022. "A Study on the Spatial Structure of the Bu-Ul-Gyeong Megacity Using the City Network Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15845-:d:986786
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/15845/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/15845/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Giuliano, Genevieve & Small, Kenneth A., 1991. "Subcenters in the Los Angeles region," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 163-182, July.
    2. Castillo-Manzano, José I. & Castro-Nuño, Mercedes & López-Valpuesta, Lourdes & Pedregal-Tercero, Diego J. & Garrido-Michó, José M., 2018. "High Speed Rail: Fast tracking tourism in the EU?," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 64-66.
    3. Martijn Burger & Evert Meijers, 2012. "Form Follows Function? Linking Morphological and Functional Polycentricity," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(5), pages 1127-1149, April.
    4. Ruth Hamilton & Alasdair Rae, 2020. "Regions from the ground up: a network partitioning approach to regional delineation," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 47(5), pages 775-789, June.
    5. Westin, L. & Osthol, A., 1992. "City Networks and the Search for Regional Potential," Papers 1992d, Umea - Center for Regional Science.
    6. Park, Chung & Lee, Jungpyo & Sohn, So Young, 2019. "Recommendation of feeder bus routes using neural network embedding-based optimization," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 329-341.
    7. Frank van Oort & Martijn Burger & Otto Raspe, 2010. "On the Economic Foundation of the Urban Network Paradigm: Spatial Integration, Functional Integration and Economic Complementarities within the Dutch Randstad," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(4), pages 725-748, April.
    8. P. J. Taylor & D. M. Evans & K. Pain, 2008. "Application of the Interlocking Network Model to Mega-City-Regions: Measuring Polycentricity Within and Beyond City-Regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(8), pages 1079-1093.
    9. Cervero, Robert, 1989. "Suburban Employment Centers: Probing the Influence of Site Features on the Journey-to-Work," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt9ts232nv, University of California Transportation Center.
    10. Peter J. Taylor & David M. Evans & Michael Hoyler & Ben Derudder & Kathy Pain, 2009. "The UK Space Economy as Practised by Advanced Producer Service Firms: Identifying Two Distinctive Polycentric City‐Regional Processes in Contemporary Britain," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 700-718, September.
    11. Bing Zhu & Kathy Pain & Peter J. Taylor & Ben Derudder, 2022. "Exploring external urban relational processes: inter-city financial flows complementing global city-regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(5), pages 737-750, May.
    12. Evert Meijers, 2008. "Measuring Polycentricity and its Promises," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(9), pages 1313-1323, October.
    13. Paolo Veneri, 2010. "Urban Polycentricity and the Costs of Commuting: Evidence from Italian Metropolitan Areas," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(3), pages 403-429, September.
    14. Garrett Dash Nelson & Alasdair Rae, 2016. "An Economic Geography of the United States: From Commutes to Megaregions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, November.
    15. Dan Su & Xiaoqian Fang & Qing Wu & Yu Cao, 2022. "Exploring the Spatiotemporal Integration Evolution of the Urban Agglomeration through City Networks," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Roberta Capello, 2000. "The City Network Paradigm: Measuring Urban Network Externalities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 37(11), pages 1925-1945, October.
    17. Ralf Borndörfer & Heide Hoppmann & Marika Karbstein, 2017. "Passenger routing for periodic timetable optimization," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 115-135, July.
    18. Nathan B. Anderson & William T. Bogart, 2001. "The Structure of Sprawl: Identifying and Characterizing Employment Centers in Polycentric Metropolitan Areas," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(1), pages 147-169, January.
    19. Bastiaan De Goei & Martijn Burger & Frank Van Oort & Michael Kitson, 2010. "Functional Polycentrism and Urban Network Development in the Greater South East, United Kingdom: Evidence from Commuting Patterns, 1981-2001," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(9), pages 1149-1170.
    20. Ziqi Liu & Ming Zhang & Liwen Liu, 2021. "Benchmark of the Trends of Spatial Inequality in World Megaregions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, June.
    21. Daniel P. McMillen, 2003. "Identifying Sub-centres Using Contiguity Matrices," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(1), pages 57-69, January.
    22. Wang, Qi & Lu, Shaokai, 2022. "The influence of hybrid accessibility on tourism economy in prefecture-level cities: Evidence from China's high-speed rail network," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Antti Vasanen, 2012. "Functional Polycentricity: Examining Metropolitan Spatial Structure through the Connectivity of Urban Sub-centres," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(16), pages 3627-3644, December.
    2. Antti Vasanen, 2013. "Spatial Integration and Functional Balance in Polycentric Urban Systems: A Multi-Scalar Approach," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 104(4), pages 410-425, September.
    3. Feng, Yuhao & Wu, Shufan & Wu, Peixin & Su, Shiliang & Weng, Min & Bian, Meng, 2018. "Spatiotemporal characterization of megaregional poly-centrality: Evidence for new urban hypotheses and implications for polycentric policies," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 712-731.
    4. Vicente Romero de à vila Serrano, 2019. "The Intrametropolitan Geography of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS): A Comparative Analysis of Six European and U.S. City-Regions," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 33(4), pages 279-295, November.
    5. Peng Ji & Lilin Yuan, 2023. "Whether polycentric spatial structure is conducive to regional coordinated development: A study on urban agglomerations in China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(4), pages 940-961, December.
    6. Yue, Wenze & Wang, Tianyu & Liu, Yong & Zhang, Qun & Ye, Xinyue, 2019. "Mismatch of morphological and functional polycentricity in Chinese cities: An evidence from land development and functional linkage," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    7. Ben Derudder, 2021. "Network Analysis of ‘Urban Systems’: Potential, Challenges, and Pitfalls," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 112(4), pages 404-420, September.
    8. Nancy Ruiz Estupiñán & Carlos Marmolejo Duarte & Moira Tornés Fernández, 2013. "Functional Polycentricity And Its Role In The Emergence Of Structural Places. The Case Of Major Spanish Metropolitan Areas," ERSA conference papers ersa13p634, European Regional Science Association.
    9. Chen Zhong & Markus Schläpfer & Stefan Müller Arisona & Michael Batty & Carlo Ratti & Gerhard Schmitt, 2017. "Revealing centrality in the spatial structure of cities from human activity patterns," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(2), pages 437-455, February.
    10. Marcińczak, Szymon & Bartosiewicz, Bartosz, 2018. "Commuting patterns and urban form: Evidence from Poland," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 31-39.
    11. Martijn J. Burger & Evert J. Meijers & Frank G. Oort, 2014. "Multiple Perspectives on Functional Coherence: Heterogeneity and Multiplexity in the Randstad," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 105(4), pages 444-464, September.
    12. Cats, Oded & Wang, Qian & Zhao, Yu, 2015. "Identification and classification of public transport activity centres in Stockholm using passenger flows data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 10-22.
    13. Paolo Veneri & David Burgalassi, 2011. "Questioning Polycentric Development and its Effects. Issues of Definition and Measurement for the Italian NUTS-2 Regions," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(6), pages 1017-1037, January.
    14. Amedeo Ganciu & Mara Balestrieri & Cristina Imbroglini & Fabrizio Toppetti, 2018. "Dynamics of Metropolitan Landscapes and Daily Mobility Flows in the Italian Context. An Analysis Based on the Theory of Graphs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-27, February.
    15. Yingcheng Li & Nicholas Phelps, 2018. "Megalopolis unbound: Knowledge collaboration and functional polycentricity within and beyond the Yangtze River Delta Region in China, 2014," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(2), pages 443-460, February.
    16. McMillen, Daniel P. & Smith, Stefani C., 2003. "The number of subcenters in large urban areas," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 321-338, May.
    17. Chunil Kim & Choongik Choi, 2019. "Towards Sustainable Urban Spatial Structure: Does Decentralization Reduce Commuting Times?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-28, February.
    18. Jaume Masip Tresserra, 2012. "Identifying the Employment and Population Centers at regional and metropolitan scale: The Case of Catalonia and Barcelona," ERSA conference papers ersa12p70, European Regional Science Association.
    19. Shuaishuai Han & Changhong Miao, 2022. "Does a Polycentric Spatial Structure Help to Reduce Industry Emissions?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-14, July.
    20. Lee, Sungwon & Lee, Bumsoo, 2014. "The influence of urban form on GHG emissions in the U.S. household sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 534-549.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15845-:d:986786. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.