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Wind Farms and Humidity

Author

Listed:
  • Kevin A. Adkins

    (College of Aviation, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA)

  • Adrian Sescu

    (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA)

Abstract

Several investigations have shown that enhanced mixing brought about by wind turbines alters near-surface meteorological conditions within and downstream of a wind farm. When scalar meteorological parameters have been considered, the focus has most often centered on temperature changes. A subset of these works has also considered humidity to various extents. These limited investigations are complemented by just a few studies dedicated to analyzing humidity changes. With onshore wind turbines often sited in agricultural areas, any changes to the microclimate surrounding a turbine can impact plant health and the length of the growing season; any changes to the environment around an offshore wind farm can change cloud and fog formation and dissipation, among other impacts. This article provides a review of observational field campaigns and numerical investigations examining changes to humidity within wind turbine array boundary layers. Across the range of empirical observations and numerical simulations, changes to humidity were observed in stably stratified conditions. In addition to the role of atmospheric stability, this review reveals that the nature of the change depends on the upstream moisture profile; robustness of the mixing; turbine array layout; distance from the turbine, in all three directions; and vertical temperature profile.

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin A. Adkins & Adrian Sescu, 2022. "Wind Farms and Humidity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:2603-:d:785929
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liming Zhou & Yuhong Tian & Somnath Baidya Roy & Chris Thorncroft & Lance F. Bosart & Yuanlong Hu, 2012. "Impacts of wind farms on land surface temperature," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 2(7), pages 539-543, July.
    2. Stevens, Richard J.A.M. & Graham, Jason & Meneveau, Charles, 2014. "A concurrent precursor inflow method for Large Eddy Simulations and applications to finite length wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 46-50.
    3. Sun, Haiying & Yang, Hongxing & Gao, Xiaoxia, 2019. "Investigation into spacing restriction and layout optimization of wind farm with multiple types of wind turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 637-650.
    4. Win Naung, Shine & Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian & Rahmati, Mohammad, 2021. "High-fidelity CFD simulations of two wind turbines in arrays using nonlinear frequency domain solution method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 984-1005.
    5. Charlotte Bay Hasager & Nicolai Gayle Nygaard & Patrick J. H. Volker & Ioanna Karagali & Søren Juhl Andersen & Jake Badger, 2017. "Wind Farm Wake: The 2016 Horns Rev Photo Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-24, March.
    6. Mahdi Abkar & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2013. "The Effect of Free-Atmosphere Stratification on Boundary-Layer Flow and Power Output from Very Large Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(5), pages 1-24, April.
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    Cited by:

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