IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i2p332-d477413.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Empirical Research on the Relationship amongst Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

Author

Listed:
  • Janusz Grabara

    (The Management Faculty, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Arsen Tleppayev

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Kazakh-German University, Pushkin St., 111, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan)

  • Malika Dabylova

    (Higher School of Economics and Business, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan)

  • Leonardus W. W. Mihardjo

    (School of Business Management, Bina Nusantara University, Jalan Hang Lekir I No. 6, Senayan, Jakarta 10270, Indonesia)

  • Zdzisława Dacko-Pikiewicz

    (Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB University, Zygmunta Cieplaka 1c, 41-300 Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland)

Abstract

In this contemporary era, environmental problems spread at different levels in all countries of the world. Economic growth does not just depend on prioritizing the environment or improving the environmental situation. If the foreign direct investment is directed to the polluting industries, they will increase pollution and damage the environment. The purpose of the study is to consider the relationship between foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and economic growth and renewable energy consumption. The study is based on data obtained from 1992 to 2018. The results show that there is a two-way link between foreign direct investment and renewable energy consumption in the considered two countries. The Granger causality test approach is applied to explore the causal relationship between the variables. The Johansen co-integration test approach is also employed to test for a relationship. The empirical results verify the existence of co-integration between the series. The main factors influencing renewable energy are economic growth and electricity consumption. To reduce dependence on fuel-based energy sources, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan need to attract energy to renewable energy sources and implement energy efficiency based on rapid progress. This is because renewable energy sources play the role of an engine that stimulates the production process in the economy for all countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Janusz Grabara & Arsen Tleppayev & Malika Dabylova & Leonardus W. W. Mihardjo & Zdzisława Dacko-Pikiewicz, 2021. "Empirical Research on the Relationship amongst Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:332-:d:477413
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/2/332/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/2/332/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bhattacharya, Mita & Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa & Bhattacharya, Sankar, 2015. "The role of technology on the dynamics of coal consumption–economic growth: New evidence from China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 686-695.
    2. Wolde-Rufael, Yemane, 2009. "Energy consumption and economic growth: The experience of African countries revisited," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 217-224.
    3. Azam, Muhammad & Khan, Abdul Qayyum & Zaman, Khalid & Ahmad, Mehboob, 2015. "Factors determining energy consumption: Evidence from Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1123-1131.
    4. Stamatios Ntanos & Michalis Skordoulis & Grigorios Kyriakopoulos & Garyfallos Arabatzis & Miltiadis Chalikias & Spyros Galatsidas & Athanasios Batzios & Apostolia Katsarou, 2018. "Renewable Energy and Economic Growth: Evidence from European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-13, July.
    5. Przychodzen, Wojciech & Przychodzen, Justyna, 2020. "Determinants of renewable energy production in transition economies: A panel data approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    6. Susana Silva & Isabel Soares & Carlos Pinho, 2011. "The impact of renewable energy sources on economic growth and CO2 emissions - a SVAR approach," FEP Working Papers 407, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    7. Sbia, Rashid & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hamdi, Helmi, 2014. "A contribution of foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade openness, carbon emissions and economic growth to energy demand in UAE," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 191-197.
    8. Odhiambo, Nicholas M., 2009. "Electricity consumption and economic growth in South Africa: A trivariate causality test," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 635-640, September.
    9. Maddala, G S & Wu, Shaowen, 1999. "A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(0), pages 631-652, Special I.
    10. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    11. Dmitry Burakov & Max Freidin, 2017. "Financial Development, Economic Growth and Renewable Energy Consumption in Russia: A Vector Error Correction Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(6), pages 39-47.
    12. Hanif, Imran & Faraz Raza, Syed Muhammad & Gago-de-Santos, Pilar & Abbas, Qaiser, 2019. "Fossil fuels, foreign direct investment, and economic growth have triggered CO2 emissions in emerging Asian economies: Some empirical evidence," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 493-501.
    13. Johansen, Soren, 1991. "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(6), pages 1551-1580, November.
    14. Rabab Mudakkar, Syeda & Zaman, Khalid & Shakir, Huma & Arif, Mariam & Naseem, Imran & Naz, Lubna, 2013. "Determinants of energy consumption function in SAARC countries: Balancing the odds," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 566-574.
    15. Chien, Taichen & Hu, Jin-Li, 2008. "Renewable energy: An efficient mechanism to improve GDP," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 3035-3042, August.
    16. Omri, Anis & Kahouli, Bassem, 2014. "Causal relationships between energy consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth: Fresh evidence from dynamic simultaneous-equations models," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 913-922.
    17. da Silva, Patrícia Pereira & Cerqueira, Pedro André & Ogbe, Wojolomi, 2018. "Determinants of renewable energy growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from panel ARDL," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 45-54.
    18. Azman-Saini, W.N.W. & Law, Siong Hook & Ahmad, Abd Halim, 2010. "FDI and economic growth: New evidence on the role of financial markets," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 107(2), pages 211-213, May.
    19. Sadorsky, Perry, 2009. "Renewable energy consumption and income in emerging economies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(10), pages 4021-4028, October.
    20. Aviral Kumar Tiwari, 2011. "Comparative performance of renewable and nonrenewable energy source on economic growth and CO2 emissions of Europe and Eurasian countries: A PVAR approach," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 31(3), pages 2356-2372.
    21. Brunnschweiler, Christa N., 2010. "Finance for renewable energy: an empirical analysis of developing and transition economies," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 241-274, June.
    22. Unknown, 2016. "Energy for Sustainable Development," Conference Proceedings 253270, Guru Arjan Dev Institute of Development Studies (IDSAsr).
    23. Fang, Yiping, 2011. "Economic welfare impacts from renewable energy consumption: The China experience," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 5120-5128.
    24. Eskeland, Gunnar S. & Harrison, Ann E., 2003. "Moving to greener pastures? Multinationals and the pollution haven hypothesis," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 1-23, February.
    25. Dube, Smile, 2009. "Foreign Direct Investment and Electricity Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from South Africa," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 62(2), pages 175-200.
    26. Chang, Ting-Huan & Huang, Chien-Ming & Lee, Ming-Chih, 2009. "Threshold effect of the economic growth rate on the renewable energy development from a change in energy price: Evidence from OECD countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 5796-5802, December.
    27. repec:ers:journl:v:xv:y:2012:i:sie:p:133-144 is not listed on IDEAS
    28. Costantini, Valeria & Martini, Chiara, 2010. "The causality between energy consumption and economic growth: A multi-sectoral analysis using non-stationary cointegrated panel data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 591-603, May.
    29. Nicholas Apergis & Dan Constantin Danuletiu, 2014. "Renewable Energy and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Sign of Panel Long-Run Causality," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 4(4), pages 578-587.
    30. Chor Foon Tang, 2009. "Electricity consumption, income, foreign direct investment, and population in Malaysia," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 36(4), pages 371-382, September.
    31. Bhattacharya, Mita & Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Ozturk, Ilhan & Bhattacharya, Sankar, 2016. "The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 733-741.
    32. Hafezali Iqbal Hussain & Beata Slusarczyk & Fakarudin Kamarudin & Hassanudin Mohd Thas Thaker & Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna, 2020. "An Investigation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to Predict the Relationship among Energy Intensity, Globalization, and Financial Development in Major ASEAN Economies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    33. Lee, Jung Wan, 2013. "The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use, carbon emissions and economic growth," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 483-489.
    34. Mehdi Ben Jebli & Slim Ben Youssef & Nicholas Apergis, 2019. "The dynamic linkage between renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade," Latin American Economic Review, Springer;Centro de Investigaciòn y Docencia Económica (CIDE), vol. 28(1), pages 1-19, December.
    35. Doytch, Nadia & Narayan, Seema, 2016. "Does FDI influence renewable energy consumption? An analysis of sectoral FDI impact on renewable and non-renewable industrial energy consumption," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 291-301.
    36. Marius-Corneliu Marinaș & Marin Dinu & Aura-Gabriela Socol & Cristian Socol, 2018. "Renewable energy consumption and economic growth. Causality relationship in Central and Eastern European countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-29, October.
    37. G. S. Maddala & Shaowen Wu, 1999. "A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 631-652, November.
    38. Fan, Weiyang & Hao, Yu, 2020. "An empirical research on the relationship amongst renewable energy consumption, economic growth and foreign direct investment in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 598-609.
    39. Muhammad Haseeb & Sebastian Kot & Hafezali Iqbal Hussain & Kittisak Jermsittiparsert, 2019. "Impact of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution, and Energy Consumption on Health Expenditure and R&D Expenditure of ASEAN Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-21, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pruethsan Sutthichaimethee & Chanintorn Jittawiriyanukoon, 2022. "Analyzing the Impact of Causal Factors on Political Management to Determine Sustainability Policy under Environmental Law: Enriching the Covariance-based SEMxi Model," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(4), pages 282-293, July.
    2. Ainur Mazina & Dinara Syzdykova & Ainur Myrzhykbayeva & Gulnur Raikhanova & Aliya Nurgaliyeva, 2022. "Impact of Green Fiscal Policy on Investment Efficiency of Renewable Energy Enterprises in Kazakhstan," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(5), pages 491-497, September.
    3. Appiah, Michael & Ashraf, Sania & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi & Onifade, Stephen Taiwo, 2023. "Does financialization enhance renewable energy development in Sub-Saharan African countries?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    4. Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti & Ghulam Ghouse, 2022. "Environmentally Friendly Degradations Technology Breakthrough," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-5, September.
    5. Tran Ngoc Mai, 2023. "Renewable Energy, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and CO2 Emissions in Southeast Asia Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 284-289, March.
    6. Mariusz Malinowski, 2021. "“Green Energy” and the Standard of Living of the EU Residents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-35, April.
    7. Bożena Gajdzik & Włodzimierz Sroka & Jolita Vveinhardt, 2021. "Energy Intensity of Steel Manufactured Utilising EAF Technology as a Function of Investments Made: The Case of the Steel Industry in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.
    8. Saima Mujeed & Shuangyan Li & Musarrat Jabeen & Abdelmohsen A. Nassani & Sameh E. Askar & Khalid Zaman & Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro & Sriyanto & Hanifah Jambari, 2021. "Technowomen: Women’s Autonomy and Its Impact on Environmental Quality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-22, February.
    9. Gulmira Moldabekova & Zhanarys Raimbekov & Arsen Tleppayev & Yuliya Tyurina & Raushan Yesbergen & Gulimai Amaniyazova, 2022. "The Impact of Oil Prices on the Macroeconomic Indicators of Kazakhstan and the Consequences for the Formation of Social Policy," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(4), pages 447-454, July.
    10. Tan, Yan & Uprasen, Utai, 2022. "The effect of foreign direct investment on renewable energy consumption subject to the moderating effect of environmental regulation: Evidence from the BRICS countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P2), pages 135-149.
    11. Cong Khai Dinh & Quang Thanh Ngo & Trung Thanh Nguyen, 2021. "Medium- and High-Tech Export and Renewable Energy Consumption: Non-Linear Evidence from the ASEAN Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    12. Gao, Da & Li, Ge & Yu, Jiyu, 2022. "Does digitization improve green total factor energy efficiency? Evidence from Chinese 213 cities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    13. Marcin Sitek & Manuela Tvaronavičienė, 2021. "Innovation Management in Polish Real Estate Developers in the Renewable Energy Sources Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    14. Iurii Prokazov & Vladimir Gorbanyov & Vadim Samusenkov & Irina Razinkina & Monika Chłąd, 2021. "Assessing the Flexibility of Renewable Energy Multinational Corporations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-19, June.
    15. Sanel Halilbegović & Zana Pekmez & Abdul Rehman, 2023. "Modeling the Nexus of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Progress in Southeastern Europe: A Panel Data Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-21, June.
    16. Ślusarczyk, Beata & Chłąd, Mateusz & Michałek, Janusz & Dacko-Pikiewicz, Zdzisława & Androniceanu, Armenia, 2023. "Strategies for supplying enterprises with energy in the context of changing coal prices on the Polish market - The effect of the war in Ukraine," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    17. Maciej Chowaniak & Zofia Gródek-Szostak & Karolina Kotulewicz-Wisińska & Małgorzata Luc & Marcin Suder & Anna Szeląg-Sikora, 2021. "The RES in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Potential and Production from 2015 to 2019," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, March.
    18. Panait, Mirela & Apostu, Simona Andreea & Vasile, Valentina & Vasile, Razvan, 2022. "Is energy efficiency a robust driver for the new normal development model? A Granger causality analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    19. Yugang He & Panpan Huang, 2022. "Exploring the Forms of the Economic Effects of Renewable Energy Consumption: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
    20. Bashir, Muhammad Farhan & MA, Benjiang & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Shahzad, Umer & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "Unveiling the heterogeneous impacts of environmental taxes on energy consumption and energy intensity: Empirical evidence from OECD countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    21. Bahman Huseynli, 2023. "Causality Relationship between the Development of the Oil and Gas Sector and Foreign Investments," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 404-409, March.
    22. Sakib Bin Amin & Yaron Nezleen Amin & Mahatab Kabir Khandaker & Farhan Khan & Faria Manal Rahman, 2022. "Unfolding FDI, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Income Inequality Nexus: Heterogeneous Panel Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.
    23. Oleg Rekutov & Michail Surkov & Danil Lyapunov & Alexey Muravlev & Alexandra Pravikova & Anton Yudintsev & Victor Rulevskiy & Oleg Bubnov & Victor Pchelnikov, 2022. "Simulators for Designing Energy-Efficient Power Supplies Based on Solar Panels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, March.
    24. Abdul Rehman & Laura Mariana Cismas & Ioana Anda Milin, 2022. "“The Three Evils”: Inflation, Poverty and Unemployment’s Shadow on Economic Progress—A Novel Exploration from the Asymmetric Technique," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-16, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ibrahiem, Dalia M. & Hanafy, Shaimaa A., 2021. "Do energy security and environmental quality contribute to renewable energy? The role of trade openness and energy use in North African countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 667-678.
    2. Qamruzzaman, Md & Jianguo, Wei, 2020. "The asymmetric relationship between financial development, trade openness, foreign capital flows, and renewable energy consumption: Fresh evidence from panel NARDL investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 827-842.
    3. Qamruzzaman, Md & Karim, Salma & Jahan, Ishrat, 2022. "Nexus between economic policy uncertainty, foreign direct investment, government debt and renewable energy consumption in 13 top oil importing nations: Evidence from the symmetric and asymmetric inves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 121-136.
    4. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Raghutla, Chandrashekar & Chittedi, Krishna Reddy & Jiao, Zhilun & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2020. "The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from the renewable energy country attractive index," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    5. Simona Andreea Apostu & Mirela Panait & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente & Diogo Ferraz & Irina Gabriela Rădulescu, 2022. "Energy Transition in Non-Euro Countries from Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from Panel Vector Error Correction Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-21, December.
    6. Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Mo, Di & Gupta, Rakesh, 2017. "The effects of stock market growth and renewable energy use on CO2 emissions: Evidence from G20 countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 360-371.
    7. Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin & Muhammad Haseeb & Muhammad Azam & Rabiul Islam, 2015. "Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development, International Trade and Energy Consumption: Panel Data Evidence from Selected ASEAN Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 5(3), pages 841-850.
    8. Muhammad Shahbaz & Amatul Razzaq Chaudhary & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad, 2020. "Is energy consumption sensitive to foreign capital inflows and currency devaluation in Pakistan?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(52), pages 5641-5658, June.
    9. Chen, Chaoyi & Pinar, Mehmet & Stengos, Thanasis, 2021. "Determinants of renewable energy consumption: Importance of democratic institutions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 75-83.
    10. Alam, Md. Mahmudul & Murad, Md. Wahid, 2020. "The impacts of economic growth, trade openness and technological progress on renewable energy use in organization for economic co-operation and development countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 382-390.
    11. Amri, Fethi, 2016. "The relationship amongst energy consumption, foreign direct investment and output in developed and developing Countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 694-702.
    12. Lee, Jung Wan, 2013. "The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use, carbon emissions and economic growth," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 483-489.
    13. Yongliang Zhang & Md. Qamruzzaman & Salma Karim & Ishrat Jahan, 2021. "Nexus between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Renewable Energy Consumption in BRIC Nations: The Mediating Role of Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-29, August.
    14. Maciej Chowaniak & Zofia Gródek-Szostak & Karolina Kotulewicz-Wisińska & Małgorzata Luc & Marcin Suder & Anna Szeląg-Sikora, 2021. "The RES in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Potential and Production from 2015 to 2019," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, March.
    15. Bhattacharya, Mita & Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Ozturk, Ilhan & Bhattacharya, Sankar, 2016. "The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 733-741.
    16. Tran Ngoc Mai, 2023. "Renewable Energy, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and CO2 Emissions in Southeast Asia Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 284-289, March.
    17. Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Sinha, Avik & Dogan, Eyup, 2017. "The significance of renewable energy use for economic output and environmental protection: Evidence from the next 11 developing economies," MPRA Paper 100087, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hoang, Thi Hong Van & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Roubaud, David, 2017. "Energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in India: New evidence from a nonlinear and asymmetric analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 199-212.
    19. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasreen, Samia & Abbas, Faisal & Anis, Omri, 2015. "Does foreign direct investment impede environmental quality in high-, middle-, and low-income countries?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 275-287.
    20. Tiba, Sofien & Omri, Anis, 2017. "Literature survey on the relationships between energy, environment and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1129-1146.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:332-:d:477413. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.