IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i12p3516-d574286.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimization of Static and Dynamic Charging Infrastructure for Electric Buses

Author

Listed:
  • Bálint Csonka

    (Department of Transport Technology and Economics, Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary)

Abstract

The adoption of electric buses in public transport requires careful planning for the bus fleet and charging infrastructure. A mathematical model of an urban bus service was developed to support the deployment of charging infrastructure. The novelty of the model is that it incorporates infrastructure elements for both static and dynamic charging technologies at the same time. The model supports the electrification of the bus lines without route and schedule adjustments. The volume of charged energy at charging units is considered as a variable in the objective function to determine the location of charging units at minimum cost. The model was verified by a case study based on actual bus service data. It was found that the use of static chargers is more favorable if the cost of a static charging unit is less than the cost of a dynamic charger with a length of 1600 m and the charging power of static chargers is three times greater than the charging power of dynamic chargers. The relationship between charging power and the length of the dynamic charging unit was analyzed. It was noted that the use of charging power higher than 162.5 kW at dynamic charging units is not necessary.

Suggested Citation

  • Bálint Csonka, 2021. "Optimization of Static and Dynamic Charging Infrastructure for Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3516-:d:574286
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3516/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3516/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Noel, Lance & McCormack, Regina, 2014. "A cost benefit analysis of a V2G-capable electric school bus compared to a traditional diesel school bus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 246-255.
    2. Csiszár, Csaba & Csonka, Bálint & Földes, Dávid & Wirth, Ervin & Lovas, Tamás, 2019. "Urban public charging station locating method for electric vehicles based on land use approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 173-180.
    3. Alwesabi, Yaseen & Liu, Zhaocai & Kwon, Soongeol & Wang, Yong, 2021. "A novel integration of scheduling and dynamic wireless charging planning models of battery electric buses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    4. Rogge, Matthias & van der Hurk, Evelien & Larsen, Allan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2018. "Electric bus fleet size and mix problem with optimization of charging infrastructure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 282-295.
    5. Wu, Xiaomei & Feng, Qijin & Bai, Chenchen & Lai, Chun Sing & Jia, Youwei & Lai, Loi Lei, 2021. "A novel fast-charging stations locational planning model for electric bus transit system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    6. Correa, G. & Muñoz, P. & Falaguerra, T. & Rodriguez, C.R., 2017. "Performance comparison of conventional, hybrid, hydrogen and electric urban buses using well to wheel analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 537-549.
    7. Soylu, Seref, 2014. "The effects of urban driving conditions on the operating characteristics of conventional and hybrid electric city buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 472-482.
    8. Wei, Ran & Liu, Xiaoyue & Ou, Yi & Kiavash Fayyaz, S., 2018. "Optimizing the spatio-temporal deployment of battery electric bus system," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 160-168.
    9. Lajunen, Antti & Lipman, Timothy, 2016. "Lifecycle cost assessment and carbon dioxide emissions of diesel, natural gas, hybrid electric, fuel cell hybrid and electric transit buses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 329-342.
    10. Matthias Rogge & Sebastian Wollny & Dirk Uwe Sauer, 2015. "Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-20, May.
    11. Bi, Zicheng & Keoleian, Gregory A. & Ersal, Tulga, 2018. "Wireless charger deployment for an electric bus network: A multi-objective life cycle optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 1090-1101.
    12. Andrenacci, N. & Ragona, R. & Valenti, G., 2016. "A demand-side approach to the optimal deployment of electric vehicle charging stations in metropolitan areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 39-46.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Artur Jaworski & Maksymilian Mądziel & Hubert Kuszewski, 2022. "Sustainable Public Transport Strategies—Decomposition of the Bus Fleet and Its Influence on the Decrease in Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Ludmiła Filina-Dawidowicz & Csaba Csiszár, 2022. "Influence of Parking Sheds on Energy Efficiency of Road Refrigerated Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Jing Wang & Heqi Wang & Chunguang Wang, 2023. "Optimal Charging Pile Configuration and Charging Scheduling for Electric Bus Routes Considering the Impact of Ambient Temperature on Charging Power," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Dimitrios Rizopoulos & Marina Laskari & Gerasimos Kouloumbis & Ioanna Fergadiotou & Patrick Durkin & Kati Kõrbe Kaare & Muhammad Mahtab Alam, 2022. "5G as an Enabler of Connected-and-Automated Mobility in European Cross-Border Corridors—A Market Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-30, November.
    5. Szilassy, Péter Ákos & Földes, Dávid, 2022. "Consumption estimation method for battery-electric buses using general line characteristics and temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    6. Kayhan Alamatsaz & Sadam Hussain & Chunyan Lai & Ursula Eicker, 2022. "Electric Bus Scheduling and Timetabling, Fast Charging Infrastructure Planning, and Their Impact on the Grid: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-39, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Boud Verbrugge & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Haaris Rasool & Thomas Geury & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2021. "Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, November.
    2. Foda, Ahmed & Abdelaty, Hatem & Mohamed, Moataz & El-Saadany, Ehab, 2023. "A generic cost-utility-emission optimization for electric bus transit infrastructure planning and charging scheduling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    3. Kayhan Alamatsaz & Sadam Hussain & Chunyan Lai & Ursula Eicker, 2022. "Electric Bus Scheduling and Timetabling, Fast Charging Infrastructure Planning, and Their Impact on the Grid: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-39, October.
    4. Purnell, K. & Bruce, A.G. & MacGill, I., 2022. "Impacts of electrifying public transit on the electricity grid, from regional to state level analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    5. Wu, Xiaomei & Feng, Qijin & Bai, Chenchen & Lai, Chun Sing & Jia, Youwei & Lai, Loi Lei, 2021. "A novel fast-charging stations locational planning model for electric bus transit system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    6. Hatem Abdelaty & Ahmed Foda & Moataz Mohamed, 2023. "The Robustness of Battery Electric Bus Transit Networks under Charging Infrastructure Disruptions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, February.
    7. Manzolli, Jônatas Augusto & Trovão, João Pedro & Antunes, Carlos Henggeler, 2022. "A review of electric bus vehicles research topics – Methods and trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    8. Wu, Weitiao & Lin, Yue & Liu, Ronghui & Jin, Wenzhou, 2022. "The multi-depot electric vehicle scheduling problem with power grid characteristics," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 322-347.
    9. Neil Quarles & Kara M. Kockelman & Moataz Mohamed, 2020. "Costs and Benefits of Electrifying and Automating Bus Transit Fleets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, May.
    10. Yuping Lin & Kai Zhang & Zuo-Jun Max Shen & Lixin Miao, 2019. "Charging Network Planning for Electric Bus Cities: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-27, August.
    11. He, Yi & Liu, Zhaocai & Zhang, Yiming & Song, Ziqi, 2023. "Time-dependent electric bus and charging station deployment problem," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    12. Basma, Hussein & Mansour, Charbel & Haddad, Marc & Nemer, Maroun & Stabat, Pascal, 2022. "Energy consumption and battery sizing for different types of electric bus service," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    13. Xinkuo Xu & Xiaofeng Lv & Liyan Han, 2019. "Carbon Asset of Electrification: Valuing the Transition from Fossil Fuel-Powered Buses to Battery Electric Buses in Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, May.
    14. Ali Saadon Al-Ogaili & Ali Q. Al-Shetwi & Hussein M. K. Al-Masri & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Yap Hoon & Khaled Alzaareer & N. V. Phanendra Babu, 2021. "Review of the Estimation Methods of Energy Consumption for Battery Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-28, November.
    15. Gallet, Marc & Massier, Tobias & Hamacher, Thomas, 2018. "Estimation of the energy demand of electric buses based on real-world data for large-scale public transport networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 344-356.
    16. Mustafa Hamurcu & Tamer Eren, 2020. "Electric Bus Selection with Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Green Transportation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, April.
    17. Harris, Andrew & Soban, Danielle & Smyth, Beatrice M. & Best, Robert, 2020. "A probabilistic fleet analysis for energy consumption, life cycle cost and greenhouse gas emissions modelling of bus technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    18. Vepsäläinen, Jari & Otto, Kevin & Lajunen, Antti & Tammi, Kari, 2019. "Computationally efficient model for energy demand prediction of electric city bus in varying operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 433-443.
    19. Xinkuo Xu & Liyan Han, 2020. "Operational Lifecycle Carbon Value of Bus Electrification in Macau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, May.
    20. Lee, Dong-Yeon & Elgowainy, Amgad & Vijayagopal, Ram, 2019. "Well-to-wheel environmental implications of fuel economy targets for hydrogen fuel cell electric buses in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 565-583.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3516-:d:574286. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.