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The Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Servant Leadership Survey: A Comparative Study across Eight Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Dirk Van Dierendonck

    (Rotterdam School of Managemen, Erasmus University, Burg Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands)

  • Milton Sousa

    (NOVA School of Business and Economics, Lisboa 1099-032, Portugal)

  • Sigrún Gunnarsdóttir

    (Faculty of Business, University Bifrost, Bifröst 311, Iceland
    Faculty of Business, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland)

  • Andrea Bobbio

    (Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padua, Via Venezia n. 14, Padova PD 35131, Italy)

  • Jari Hakanen

    (Työterveyslaitos, PL 40 00251 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Armin Pircher Verdorfer

    (School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany)

  • Emin Cihan Duyan

    (Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Anadolu University, 26470 Tepebaşı/Eskişehir Province, Turkey)

  • Raquel Rodriguez-Carvajal

    (Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

This paper tests and confirms the cross-cultural equivalence of the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) in eight countries and languages: The Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Spain, Turkey and Finland. A composite sample consisting of 5201 respondents from eight countries that all filled out the SLS was used. A three-step approach was adopted to test configural invariance, measurement equivalence, and structural equivalence. For the full 30-item version of the SLS, configural invariance and partial measurement equivalence were confirmed. Implications of these results for the use of the SLS within cross-cultural studies are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Dirk Van Dierendonck & Milton Sousa & Sigrún Gunnarsdóttir & Andrea Bobbio & Jari Hakanen & Armin Pircher Verdorfer & Emin Cihan Duyan & Raquel Rodriguez-Carvajal, 2017. "The Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Servant Leadership Survey: A Comparative Study across Eight Countries," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:7:y:2017:i:2:p:8-:d:95964
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Justin A. Irving, 2010. "Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Servant Leadership," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Dirk van Dierendonck & Kathleen Patterson (ed.), Servant Leadership, chapter 10, pages 118-129, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Simcha Ronen & Oded Shenkar, 2013. "Mapping world cultures: Cluster formation, sources and implications," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 44(9), pages 867-897, December.
    3. Mittal, Rakesh & Dorfman, Peter W., 2012. "Servant leadership across cultures," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 47(4), pages 555-570.
    4. Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict E M & Baumgartner, Hans, 1998. "Assessing Measurement Invariance in Cross-National Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 25(1), pages 78-90, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abida Ellahi & Mobashar Rehman & Yasir Javed & Fahd Sultan & Hafiz Mudassir Rehman, 2022. "Impact of Servant Leadership on Project Success Through Mediating Role of Team Motivation and Effectiveness: A Case of Software Industry," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(3), pages 21582440221, September.
    2. Farida Saleem & Yingying Zhang Zhang & C. Gopinath & Ahmad Adeel, 2020. "Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective and Cognitive Trust," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(1), pages 21582440199, January.
    3. Dung Q. Tran & Larry C. Spears, 2020. "Servant-Leadership and Community: Humanistic Perspectives from Pope John XXIII and Robert K. Greenleaf," Humanistic Management Journal, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 117-131, July.
    4. Lythreatis, Sophie & Mostafa, Ahmed Mohammed Sayed & Pereira, Vijay & Wang, Xiaojun & Giudice, Manlio Del, 2021. "Servant leadership, CSR perceptions, moral meaningfulness and organizational identification- evidence from the Middle East," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(5).
    5. Tomasz Gigol & Katarzyna Kreczmanska-Gigol & Renata Pajewska-Kwasny, 2021. "Socially Responsible Leadership’s Impact on Stakeholder Management, Staff Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 4), pages 775-805.
    6. Howladar Mohammad Harisur Rahman & Rahman Md Sahidur, 2021. "The Influence of Servant Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: the Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment," South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 16(1), pages 70-83, June.

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