IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ers/ijebaa/viiiy2015i1p54-66.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Foreign Exchange Exposure of Non-Financial Companies in Eurozone: Myth or Reality?

Author

Listed:
  • Ramona Rupeika-Apoga
  • Roberts Nedovis

Abstract

The authors of this paper are looking for answers: are domestic companies operating in small market economies such as the Baltics with little or no direct foreign involvement also at risk, taking into account that our companies mainly as a mean of exchange are using euro. The aim of this study is to examine the foreign exchange rate exposure of domestic corporations in the Baltic States. The study shows that companies in the Baltic States tend not to manage their foreign exchange risk properly and some of the companies are thus exposed to significant losses due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. The VaR estimates are proposed and evaluated as a method to measure the position that is necessary to hedge.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramona Rupeika-Apoga & Roberts Nedovis, 2015. "The Foreign Exchange Exposure of Non-Financial Companies in Eurozone: Myth or Reality?," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 54-66.
    • Handle: RePEc:ers:ijebaa:v:iii:y:2015:i:1:p:54-66
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.ersj.eu/repec/ers/pijeba/15_1_p4.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eleftherios Thalassinos & Erginbay Ugurlu & Yusuf Muratoglu, 2012. "Income Inequality and Inflation in the EU," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 127-140.
    2. Aggarwal, Raj & Harper, Joel T., 2010. "Foreign exchange exposure of "domestic" corporations," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(8), pages 1619-1636, December.
    3. Eleftherios Thalassinos & Konstantinos Liapis & John Thalassinos, 2014. "The Role of the Rating Companies in the Recent Financial Crisis in the Balkan and Black Sea Area," Contributions to Economics, in: Anastasios Karasavvoglou & Persefoni Polychronidou (ed.), Economic Crisis in Europe and the Balkans, edition 127, pages 79-115, Springer.
    4. Allayannis, George & Weston, James P, 2001. "The Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives and Firm Market Value," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 243-276.
    5. Matthew Pritsker, 1997. "Evaluating Value at Risk Methodologies: Accuracy versus Computational Time," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 12(2), pages 201-242, October.
    6. Bawa, Vijay S., 1978. "Safety-First, Stochastic Dominance, and Optimal Portfolio Choice," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 13(2), pages 255-271, June.
    7. Froot, Kenneth A & Scharfstein, David S & Stein, Jeremy C, 1993. "Risk Management: Coordinating Corporate Investment and Financing Policies," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1629-1658, December.
    8. Liviu Deceanu & Mirela Pintea & El Thalassinos & Vicky Zampeta, 2010. "New Dimensions of Country Risk in the Context of the Current Crisis: A Case Study for Romania and Greece," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 225-236.
    9. Allayannis, George & Ofek, Eli, 2001. "Exchange rate exposure, hedging, and the use of foreign currency derivatives," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 273-296, April.
    10. Keith Kuester & Stefan Mittnik & Marc S. Paolella, 2006. "Value-at-Risk Prediction: A Comparison of Alternative Strategies," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 4(1), pages 53-89.
    11. Eleftherios I. Thalassinos & Erginbay Ugurlu & Yusuf Muratoglu, 2015. "Comparison of Forecasting Volatility in the Czech Republic Stock Market," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 2(1), pages 11-18, February.
    12. George Allayannis & Jane Ihrig & James P. Weston, 2001. "Exchange-Rate Hedging: Financial versus Operational Strategies," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(2), pages 391-395, May.
    13. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    14. Bartov, Eli & Bodnar, Gordon M, 1994. "Firm Valuation, Earnings Expectations, and the Exchange-Rate Exposure Effect," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(5), pages 1755-1785, December.
    15. Gordon M. Bodnar & Gregory S. Hayt & Richard C. Marston, 1998. "1998 Wharton Survey of Financial Risk Management by US Non-Financial Firms," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 27(4), Winter.
    16. Eleftherios I. Thalassinos & Theodoros Stamatopoulos & Pantelis E. Thalassinos, 2015. "The European Sovereign Debt Crisis and the Role of Credit Swaps," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Anastasios G Malliaris & William T Ziemba (ed.), THE WORLD SCIENTIFIC HANDBOOK OF FUTURES MARKETS, chapter 20, pages 605-639, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    17. Bera, Anil K & Higgins, Matthew L, 1993. "ARCH Models: Properties, Estimation and Testing," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(4), pages 305-366, December.
    18. Jonathan Batten & Robert Mellor & Victor Wan, 1993. "Foreign Exchange Risk Management Practices and Products Used by Australian Firms," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 24(3), pages 557-573, September.
    19. Matthew Pritsker, 2001. "The hidden dangers of historical simulation," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2001-27, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Theodore Katsanevas, 2016. "Currency Wars, Recession Policies and the Overvalued Euro are to be Blamed for the Modern Greek Tragedy," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 3-19.
    2. Jullie Jeanette Sondakh, 2017. "Behavioral Intention to Use E-Tax Service System: An Application of Technology Acceptance Model," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2A), pages 48-64.
    3. Simon Grima & Inna Romanova & Frank Bezzina & Frank Chetcuti Dimech, 2016. "Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive and its Impact on Malta’s Financial Service Industry," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 70-85.
    4. Sugiharso Safuan, 2017. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Export Volume: The Case of Indonesia and its Main Trading Partners," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3A), pages 3-13.
    5. Constantin Zaman & Bogdan Meunier, 2017. "A Decade of EU Membership: Evolution of Competitiveness in Romania," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2A), pages 224-236.
    6. R. Rupeika-Apoga & S.H. Zaidi & Y.E. Thalassinos & E.I. Thalassinos, 2018. "Bank Stability: The Case of Nordic and Non-Nordic Banks in Latvia," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(2), pages 39-55.
    7. Natalia G. Vovchenko & Evgeniy N. Tishchenko & Tatiana V. Epifanova & Mark B. Gontmacher, 2017. "Electronic Currency: The Potential Risks to National Security and Methods to Minimize Them," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 36-48.
    8. Peter J Baldacchino & Rosalene Caruana & Simon Grima & Frank H. Bezzina, 2017. "Selected Behavioural Factors in Client-Initiated Auditor Changes: The Client-Auditor Perspectives," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2A), pages 16-47.
    9. Nikolay Tikhomirov & Tatiana Tikhomirova & Eldar Khamitov & Vladimir Ponomarev, 2017. "Models of Assessment of the Influnce of Insurance Assets Securitization on Stability of Mutual Insurance Societies," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2B), pages 321-333.
    10. I.N. Efremenko & L. Haabazoka & V.A. Larionov, 2017. "Development of the International Monetary System Conditions of Globalization," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3B), pages 269-279.
    11. Andrei V. Vlasov, 2017. "The Evolution of E-Money," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 215-224.
    12. Anna Aleksandrovna Sysoeva & Natalia Vladimirovna Rezepova & Elina Ildarovna Abdyukova & Zohrab Mnatsakanovich Dokhoyan, 2017. "Assessment of Availability of Consumer Loans in the Regions of Russia," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2B), pages 236-250.
    13. Sergey Mikhailovich Vasin & Leyla Ayvarovna Gamidullaeva & Tamara Kerimovna Rostovskaya, 2017. "The Challenge of Social Innovation: Approaches and Key Mechanisms of Development," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2B), pages 25-45.
    14. I.P. Denisova & S.N. Rukina & K.N. Samoylova & A.S. Takmazyan, 2017. "Financial Instruments of the Socially Responsible Economy," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 284-293.
    15. P. Purwanto & Jillian Agustin, 2017. "Financial Performance towards Value of Firms in Basic and Chemicals Industry," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2A), pages 443-460.
    16. L.Yu. Andreeva & O.Yu. Sviridov, 2017. "Experience of Greece on Recapitalization of Banks, Marketing Management and Personnel Retraining in Conditions of Economic Recession," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 390-409.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ramona Rupeika-Apoga & Roberts Nedovis, 2016. "The Foreign Exchange Exposure of Domestic Companies in Eurozone: Case of the Baltic States," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 165-178.
    2. Muller, Aline & Verschoor, Willem F.C., 2006. "Foreign exchange risk exposure: Survey and suggestions," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 385-410, October.
    3. Sikarwar, Ekta, 2022. "Board attributes, hedging activities and exchange rate risk: Multi-country firm-level evidence," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    4. Hutson, Elaine & Laing, Elaine, 2014. "Foreign exchange exposure and multinationality," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 97-113.
    5. Agyei-Ampomah, Sam & Mazouz, Khelifa & Yin, Shuxing, 2013. "The foreign exchange exposure of UK non-financial firms: A comparison of market-based methodologies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 251-260.
    6. Aabo, Tom & Ploeen, Rasmus, 2014. "The German humpback: Internationalization and foreign exchange hedging," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 114-129.
    7. Berghöfer, Britta & Lucey, Brian, 2014. "Fuel hedging, operational hedging and risk exposure — Evidence from the global airline industry," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 124-139.
    8. Zhong Chen & Bo Han & Yeqin Zeng, 2017. "Financial Hedging and Firm Performance: Evidence from Cross†border Mergers and Acquisitions," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 23(3), pages 415-458, June.
    9. Bartram, Söhnke M., 2004. "The Use of Options in Corporate Risk Management," MPRA Paper 6663, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Entrop, Oliver & Merkel, Matthias F., 2018. ""Exchange rate risk" within the European Monetary Union? Analyzing the exchange rate exposure of German firm," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-31-18, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    11. Krapl, Alain & Salyer, Robert, 2017. "The effects of fair value reporting on corporate foreign exchange exposures," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PA), pages 215-238.
    12. Martin, Anna D. & Mauer, Laurence J., 2003. "Transaction versus economic exposure: which has greater cash flow consequences?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 437-449.
    13. Entrop, Oliver & Fuchs, Fabian U., 2020. "Foreign exchange rate exposure of companies under dynamic regret," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-40-20, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    14. Hoberg, Gerard & Moon, S. Katie, 2017. "Offshore activities and financial vs operational hedging," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(2), pages 217-244.
    15. Hajra Ihsan & Abdul Rashid & Anam Naz, 2018. "Exchange Rate Exposure and Firm Value: An Assessment of Domestic Versus Multinational Firms," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 23(1), pages 51-77, Jan-June.
    16. Júnior, José L. R., 2008. "Exchange Rate Exposure, Foreign Currency Debt and the Use of Derivatives: Evidence from Brazil," Insper Working Papers wpe_141, Insper Working Paper, Insper Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa.
    17. Kim, Sungjae F. & Chance, Don M., 2018. "An empirical analysis of corporate currency risk management policies and practices," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 109-128.
    18. Mohamed Mnasri & Georges Dionne & Jean-Pierre Gueyie, 2013. "The Maturity Structure of Corporate Hedging: the Case of the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry," Cahiers de recherche 1337, CIRPEE.
    19. Kuzmina, Olga & Kuznetsova, Olga, 2018. "Operational and financial hedging: Evidence from export and import behavior," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 109-121.
    20. Oliver Entrop & Matthias F. Merkel, 2020. "Managers’ research education, the use of FX derivatives and corporate speculation," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 869-901, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    foreign exchange risk; risk measuring and exposure; VaR methods; non-financial companies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ers:ijebaa:v:iii:y:2015:i:1:p:54-66. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Marios Agiomavritis (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://ijeba.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.