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The role of existing infrastructure of fuel stations in deploying solar charging systems, electric vehicles and solar energy: A preliminary analysis

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  • Alghoul, M.A.
  • Hammadi, F.Y.
  • Amin, Nowshad
  • Asim, Nilofar

Abstract

The lift off point for Electric vehicle (EV) sales is expected in the very near future even with oil prices that stayed cheap last few years and still inexpensive nowadays. Therefore, EV purchasers require convenient access to nationwide public charging stations infrastructure. The aim of this study is to assess the role of existing roofs of fuel Stations in deploying solar assisted electric vehicle charging systems (SAEVCS), electric vehicles and solar energy in Malaysia. PETRONAS petrol stations (PS) nationwide of Malaysia are selected to install solar charging systems on their existing infrastructure as a case study. Hybrid PV-Grid charging system is evaluated under different modes of grid power capacities (0–40 kW). The techno-economic feasibility indices are determined by using HOMER simulation tool. It is found that the estimated net average roof area of all PETRONAS stations is (500 m2); it will be considered as a representative for the roof area of each PETRONAS station. The produced PV power capacity at each station is found 85 kW. Over 1121 stations until the end of 2015, total PV power capacity is 95 MW with a total annual green energy production of 136 GWh/year; and a total battery bank capacity of 255 MWh. Total CO2 emissions that can be avoided by the nationwide PV charging systems is 88,559 ton/yr. The results showed that PS-SAEVCS, integrated with limited grid power line of (10 kW) can accommodate up to 2.14% of the initial EV penetration. Taking advantage of the FiT program, the cost of the PV/Grid-10 kW system can be retrieved in 6.3 years whereas the residual period (14.7 years) from the program is a net profit income. The attractive outcome from this study is that SAEVCS can be exploited as a station-to-grid (S2G) technique which is a worthy alternative to vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology at the early years of system installation (initial stage of EV deployment).

Suggested Citation

  • Alghoul, M.A. & Hammadi, F.Y. & Amin, Nowshad & Asim, Nilofar, 2018. "The role of existing infrastructure of fuel stations in deploying solar charging systems, electric vehicles and solar energy: A preliminary analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 317-326.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:137:y:2018:i:c:p:317-326
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.06.040
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    2. Mohsen Davoodi & Hamed Jafari Kaleybar & Morris Brenna & Dario Zaninelli, 2023. "Energy Management Systems for Smart Electric Railway Networks: A Methodological Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-35, August.
    3. Ma, Shao-Chao & Fan, Ying, 2020. "A deployment model of EV charging piles and its impact on EV promotion," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    4. Nur Ayeesha Qisteena Muzir & Md. Rayid Hasan Mojumder & Md. Hasanuzzaman & Jeyraj Selvaraj, 2022. "Challenges of Electric Vehicles and Their Prospects in Malaysia: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-40, July.
    5. Chao-Tsung Ma, 2019. "System Planning of Grid-Connected Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Key Technologies: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-22, November.
    6. Shah, Talha Hussain & Shabbir, Altamash & Waqas, Adeel & Janjua, Abdul Kashif & Shahzad, Nadia & Pervaiz, Hina & Shakir, Sehar, 2023. "Techno-economic appraisal of electric vehicle charging stations integrated with on-grid photovoltaics on existing fuel stations: A multicity study framework," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 133-144.
    7. Eltoumi, Fouad M. & Becherif, Mohamed & Djerdir, Abdesslem & Ramadan, Haitham.S., 2021. "The key issues of electric vehicle charging via hybrid power sources: Techno-economic viability, analysis, and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    8. Yap, Kah Yung & Chin, Hon Huin & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2022. "Solar Energy-Powered Battery Electric Vehicle charging stations: Current development and future prospect review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).

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