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The prospect of microalgal biodiesel using agro-industrial and industrial wastes in Malaysia

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  • Jayakumar, Saravanan
  • Yusoff, Mashitah M.
  • Rahim, Mohd Hasbi Ab.
  • Maniam, Gaanty Pragas
  • Govindan, Natanamurugaraj

Abstract

The world's biodiesel demand is rising from day to day due to the urgency to tackle fuel crisis, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and climatic changes in the near future. This alternative energy will minimize the dependency on fossil fuels while guarantees a continuous energy supply and upholds the ecosystem sustainability. Malaysia, as a developing country is still finding a suitable green energy source to support the national daily energy consumption without affecting the political stability and socio-economic background. In this article, a realistic effort made by applying microalgal biotechnology for biodiesel production and concurrently mitigating CO2 and other flue gases in the presence of tertiary wastewater. Microalgae produce high amount of biomass feedstock in a short time with less amount of land capacity by using wastewater as the medium to grow. Malaysia is producing variable wastes from both agro-industrial and industrial sectors that can be recycled as a nutrient supply for microalgae. Wastewater that is available in Malaysia comprises high nutrient value compounds that have high amount of nitrogen and phosphorus. The current trend in Malaysia in the biodiesel industry as well as the application of microalgae as a superlative feedstock to replace conventional methods and boost future biodiesel industries are well elaborated in this article. This also includes the opportunities and challenges of Malaysia in cultivating microalgae with stronger technical feasibility and higher turnout in the economy by using the high rate algal pond (HRAP). Apart from that, this review paper illustrates the process of converting waste from five different sources in biofuel production by using microalgae as the intermediate tool.

Suggested Citation

  • Jayakumar, Saravanan & Yusoff, Mashitah M. & Rahim, Mohd Hasbi Ab. & Maniam, Gaanty Pragas & Govindan, Natanamurugaraj, 2017. "The prospect of microalgal biodiesel using agro-industrial and industrial wastes in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 33-47.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:72:y:2017:i:c:p:33-47
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.002
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    4. Szulczyk, Kenneth R. & Tan, Yeng-May, 2022. "Economic feasibility and sustainability of commercial bioethanol from microalgal biomass: The case of Malaysia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
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    6. How, Bing Shen & Ngan, Sue Lin & Hong, Boon Hooi & Lam, Hon Loong & Ng, Wendy Pei Qin & Yusup, Suzana & Ghani, Wan Azlina Wan Abd Karim & Kansha, Yasuki & Chan, Yi Herng & Cheah, Kin Wai & Shahbaz, Mu, 2019. "An outlook of Malaysian biomass industry commercialisation: Perspectives and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Shu, Qing & Zou, Wenqiang & He, Jiangfan & Lesmana, Herry & Zhang, Caixia & Zou, Laixi & Wang, Yao, 2019. "Preparation of the F−-SO42-/MWCNTs catalyst and kinetic studies of the biodiesel production via esterification reaction of oleic acid and methanol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 836-845.
    8. Sanjeet Mehariya & Rahul Kumar Goswami & Pradeep Verma & Roberto Lavecchia & Antonio Zuorro, 2021. "Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-26, April.
    9. Pires, José C.M., 2017. "COP21: The algae opportunity?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 867-877.
    10. Ferreira, G.F. & Ríos Pinto, L.F. & Maciel Filho, R. & Fregolente, L.V., 2019. "A review on lipid production from microalgae: Association between cultivation using waste streams and fatty acid profiles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 448-466.
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