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Greenhouse effect reduction by recovering energy from waste landfills in Pakistan

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  • Zuberi, M. Jibran S.
  • Ali, Shazia F.

Abstract

Landfills all around the world are one of the major sources that contribute towards global warming and climate change. Although landfilling should be prioritized last in the waste management hierarchy due to highest greenhouse gas emissions as compared to other waste management systems it is still very common around the world. In this study, methane emissions are estimated by applying First Order Decay model to landfills in Pakistan over the latest data available by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. Results demonstrate that nearly 14.18Gg of methane is emitted from the landfills in Pakistan each year. By combusting this methane in the form of biogas collected from the landfills as a waste management scheme we can reduce greenhouse effect up to ~88%. Same percentage is observed when we apply the similar analysis over the potentially improved practice. Also, Pakistan is facing severe economic crises due to continuous increasing gap between energy demand and supply. Demand is increasing exponentially while supply is observed to remain constant over the last few years due to frozen capacity in spite of having significant renewable/alternate energy resources. Current electricity shortfall has reached up to 6000MW. Present operational landfills in Pakistan can only contribute up to ~0.1% to cater the total deficit which does not make any significant difference but if 75% of the total waste generated today is collected and 50% of it landfilled then Pakistan has the potential to produce ~83.17MW of power that can contribute up to 1.4% to overcome the current power shortage. The outcomes of this paper may also be applicable to other developing countries having similar resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Zuberi, M. Jibran S. & Ali, Shazia F., 2015. "Greenhouse effect reduction by recovering energy from waste landfills in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 117-131.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:44:y:2015:i:c:p:117-131
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.028
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    8. Ihsanullah Sohoo & Marco Ritzkowski & Muhammad Sultan & Muhammad Farooq & Kerstin Kuchta, 2022. "Conceptualization of Bioreactor Landfill Approach for Sustainable Waste Management in Karachi, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-22, March.
    9. Fu Chen & Xiaoxiao Li & Jing Ma & Yongjun Yang & Gang-Jun Liu, 2018. "An Exploration of the Impacts of Compulsory Source-Separated Policy in Improving Household Solid Waste-Sorting in Pilot Megacities, China: A Case Study of Nanjing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-14, April.
    10. Khan, Feroz & Ali, Yousaf, 2022. "Moving towards a sustainable circular bio-economy in the agriculture sector of a developing country," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    11. Jibran Hussain & Sallahuddin Hassan, 2019. "Oil Prices Dynamics and the State of Energy Crisis in Pakistan," Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 7(2), pages :203-217, June.
    12. Ihsanullah Sohoo & Marco Ritzkowski & Zubair Ahmed Sohu & Senem Önen Cinar & Zhi Kai Chong & Kerstin Kuchta, 2021. "Estimation of Methane Production and Electrical Energy Generation from Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, April.
    13. Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal & Mendes, Juliana Veiga & Suyama, Suzi Sanae, 2016. "Shippers and freight operators perceptions of sustainable initiatives," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 173-181.
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    15. Dastjerdi, B. & Strezov, V. & Kumar, R. & Behnia, M., 2019. "An evaluation of the potential of waste to energy technologies for residual solid waste in New South Wales, Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    16. Longsheng, Cheng & Ali Shah, Syed Ahsan & Solangi, Yasir Ahmed & Ahmad, Munir & Ali, Sharafat, 2022. "An integrated SWOT-multi-criteria analysis of implementing sustainable waste-to-energy in Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1438-1453.
    17. Ali, S.M. Hassan & Zuberi, M. Jibran S. & Tariq, M. Arsalan & Baker, Derek & Mohiuddin, Abdullah, 2015. "A study to incorporate renewable energy technologies into the power portfolio of Karachi, Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 14-22.

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