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Multi-objective energy storage power dispatching using plug-in vehicles in a smart-microgrid

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  • Coelho, Vitor N.
  • Coelho, Igor M.
  • Coelho, Bruno N.
  • Cohen, Miri Weiss
  • Reis, Agnaldo J.R.
  • Silva, Sidelmo M.
  • Souza, Marcone J.F.
  • Fleming, Peter J.
  • Guimarães, Frederico G.

Abstract

This paper describes a multi-objective power dispatching problem that uses Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) as storage units. We formulate the energy storage planning as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, respecting PEV requirements, minimizing three different objectives and analyzing three different criteria. Two novel cost-to-variability indicators, based on Sharpe Ratio, are introduced for analyzing the volatility of the energy storage schedules. By adding these additional criteria, energy storage planning is optimized seeking to minimize the following: total Microgrid (MG) costs; PEVs batteries usage; maximum peak load; difference between extreme scenarios and two Sharpe Ratio indices. Different scenarios are considered, which are generated with the use of probabilistic forecasting, since prediction involves inherent uncertainty. Energy storage planning scenarios are scheduled according to information provided by lower and upper bounds extracted from probabilistic forecasts. A MicroGrid (MG) scenario composed of two renewable energy resources, a wind energy turbine and photovoltaic cells, a residential MG user and different PEVs is analyzed. Candidate non-dominated solutions are searched from the pool of feasible solutions obtained during different Branch and Bound optimizations. Pareto fronts are discussed and analyzed for different energy storage scenarios. Perhaps the most important conclusion from this study is that schedules that minimize the total system cost may increase maximum peak load and its volatility over different possible scenarios, therefore may be less robust.

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  • Coelho, Vitor N. & Coelho, Igor M. & Coelho, Bruno N. & Cohen, Miri Weiss & Reis, Agnaldo J.R. & Silva, Sidelmo M. & Souza, Marcone J.F. & Fleming, Peter J. & Guimarães, Frederico G., 2016. "Multi-objective energy storage power dispatching using plug-in vehicles in a smart-microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 730-742.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:89:y:2016:i:c:p:730-742
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.084
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    3. de Oliveira, Glauber Cardoso & Bertone, Edoardo & Stewart, Rodney A., 2022. "Optimisation modelling tools and solving techniques for integrated precinct-scale energy–water system planning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
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    9. Fontenot, Hannah & Dong, Bing, 2019. "Modeling and control of building-integrated microgrids for optimal energy management – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    10. Xin Li & Xiaodi Zhang & Yuling Fan, 2019. "A Two-Step Framework for Energy Local Area Network Scheduling Problem with Electric Vehicles Based on Global–Local Optimization Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, January.
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    16. Mohammadi, Mohammad & Noorollahi, Younes & Mohammadi-ivatloo, Behnam & Yousefi, Hossein, 2017. "Energy hub: From a model to a concept – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1512-1527.
    17. Zheng, Yingying & Jenkins, Bryan M. & Kornbluth, Kurt & Træholt, Chresten, 2018. "Optimization under uncertainty of a biomass-integrated renewable energy microgrid with energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 204-217.
    18. Rahman, Syed & Khan, Irfan Ahmed & Khan, Ashraf Ali & Mallik, Ayan & Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal, 2022. "Comprehensive review & impact analysis of integrating projected electric vehicle charging load to the existing low voltage distribution system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    19. Guan Wang & Zhongfu Tan & Qingkun Tan & Shenbo Yang & Hongyu Lin & Xionghua Ji & De Gejirifu & Xueying Song, 2019. "Multi-Objective Robust Scheduling Optimization Model of Wind, Photovoltaic Power, and BESS Based on the Pareto Principle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-14, January.
    20. Yuan, Shengxi & Kocaman, Ayse Selin & Modi, Vijay, 2017. "Benefits of forecasting and energy storage in isolated grids with large wind penetration – The case of Sao Vicente," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 167-174.
    21. Coelho, Vitor N. & Coelho, Igor M. & Coelho, Bruno N. & de Oliveira, Glauber C. & Barbosa, Alexandre C. & Pereira, Leo & de Freitas, Alan & Santos, Haroldo G. & Ochi, Luis S. & Guimarães, Frederico G., 2017. "A communitarian microgrid storage planning system inside the scope of a smart city," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 371-381.
    22. Barbour, Edward & Parra, David & Awwad, Zeyad & González, Marta C., 2018. "Community energy storage: A smart choice for the smart grid?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 489-497.
    23. Yash Kotak & Carlos Marchante Fernández & Lluc Canals Casals & Bhavya Satishbhai Kotak & Daniel Koch & Christian Geisbauer & Lluís Trilla & Alberto Gómez-Núñez & Hans-Georg Schweiger, 2021. "End of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Reuse vs. Recycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    24. Wang, Luhao & Li, Qiqiang & Ding, Ran & Sun, Mingshun & Wang, Guirong, 2017. "Integrated scheduling of energy supply and demand in microgrids under uncertainty: A robust multi-objective optimization approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 1-14.
    25. Tan, Bifei & Chen, Haoyong, 2020. "Multi-objective energy management of multiple microgrids under random electric vehicle charging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).

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