IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v131y2019icp506-517.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

What affects the development of renewable energy power generation projects in China: ISM analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Zhao, Zhen-Yu
  • Chen, Yu-Long
  • Li, Heng

Abstract

Developing renewable energy power generation projects (REPGPs) is significant to promote energy and environment sustainability. This study explores the inter-relationship amongst representative factors (RFs) affecting the development of REPGPs in China. Through literature survey, 43 factors affecting the development of REPGPs are identified. A questionnaire survey, targeting practitioners involved in the renewable energy (RE) industry is conducted for the relative importance of these factors. The survey data were processed by principal component analysis, and as a result, 16 RFs are obtained. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is adopted to establish a hierarchy structure to illustrate the intricate interrelationships among the RFs. They are classified into four clusters, i.e. autonomous factors, dependent factors, linkage factors, and driving factors by applying the Matrice d’Impacts croises-multipication appliqué a classement (MICMAC) technique to demonstrate their driving force and dependence power for REPGPs. Distribution of the RFs in the ISM and the driving force and dependence power diagram found that economy and urbanization development, incentive policy system, and government policy implementation are three most important factors. The results help both project developers and policy makers to understand the impact of forces on the development of REPGPs, resulting in better investment decisions and more targeted policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao, Zhen-Yu & Chen, Yu-Long & Li, Heng, 2019. "What affects the development of renewable energy power generation projects in China: ISM analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 506-517.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:131:y:2019:i:c:p:506-517
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.063
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148118308607
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.063?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chao Bao & Chuang-lin Fang, 2012. "Water Resources Flows Related to Urbanization in China: Challenges and Perspectives for Water Management and Urban Development," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(2), pages 531-552, January.
    2. Hu, Zheng & Wang, Jianhui & Byrne, John & Kurdgelashvili, Lado, 2013. "Review of wind power tariff policies in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 41-50.
    3. Liu, Benxi & Liao, Shengli & Cheng, Chuntian & Chen, Fu & Li, Weidong, 2018. "Hydropower curtailment in Yunnan Province, southwestern China: Constraint analysis and suggestions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 700-711.
    4. Fan, Xiao-chao & Wang, Wei-qing, 2016. "Spatial patterns and influencing factors of China׳s wind turbine manufacturing industry: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 482-496.
    5. Arent, Douglas J. & Wise, Alison & Gelman, Rachel, 2011. "The status and prospects of renewable energy for combating global warming," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 584-593, July.
    6. Vishal Ashok Bhosale & Ravi Kant, 2016. "An integrated ISM fuzzy MICMAC approach for modelling the supply chain knowledge flow enablers," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(24), pages 7374-7399, December.
    7. Bruck, Maira & Sandborn, Peter & Goudarzi, Navid, 2018. "A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) model for wind farms that include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 131-139.
    8. Meihui Li & Na Luo & Yi Lu, 2017. "Biomass Energy Technological Paradigm (BETP): Trends in This Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-28, April.
    9. Ansari, Md. Fahim & Kharb, Ravinder Kumar & Luthra, Sunil & Shimmi, S.L. & Chatterji, S., 2013. "Analysis of barriers to implement solar power installations in India using interpretive structural modeling technique," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 163-174.
    10. Fang, Chao & Marle, Franck & Zio, Enrico & Bocquet, Jean-Claude, 2012. "Network theory-based analysis of risk interactions in large engineering projects," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 1-10.
    11. Eseye, Abinet Tesfaye & Zhang, Jianhua & Zheng, Dehua, 2018. "Short-term photovoltaic solar power forecasting using a hybrid Wavelet-PSO-SVM model based on SCADA and Meteorological information," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 357-367.
    12. Shi, Qian & Yu, Tao & Zuo, Jian, 2015. "What leads to low-carbon buildings? A China study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 726-734.
    13. Zeng, Ming & Yang, Yongqi & Wang, Lihua & Sun, Jinghui, 2016. "The power industry reform in China 2015: Policies, evaluations and solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 94-110.
    14. Pfeiffer, Birte & Mulder, Peter, 2013. "Explaining the diffusion of renewable energy technology in developing countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 285-296.
    15. Dong, Liang & Liang, Hanwei & Gao, Zhiqiu & Luo, Xiao & Ren, Jingzheng, 2016. "Spatial distribution of China׳s renewable energy industry: Regional features and implications for a harmonious development future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1521-1531.
    16. Zhang, Dayong & Cao, Hong & Zou, Peijiang, 2016. "Exuberance in China's renewable energy investment: Rationality, capital structure and implications with firm level evidence," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 468-478.
    17. Sajid, Zaman & Khan, Faisal & Zhang, Yan, 2017. "Integration of interpretive structural modelling with Bayesian network for biodiesel performance analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 194-203.
    18. Wang, Zhongying & Qin, Haiyan & Lewis, Joanna I., 2012. "China's wind power industry: Policy support, technological achievements, and emerging challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 80-88.
    19. Sajid, Zaman & Khan, Faisal & Zhang, Yan, 2018. "A novel process economics risk model applied to biodiesel production system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 615-626.
    20. Zhao, Zhen-yu & Tian, Yu-xi & Zillante, George, 2014. "Modeling and evaluation of the wind power industry chain: A China study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 397-406.
    21. Zhang, Sufang & He, Yongxiu, 2013. "Analysis on the development and policy of solar PV power in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 393-401.
    22. Dong, Jun & Feng, Tian-tian & Sun, Hong-xing & Cai, Hong-xin & Li, Rong & Yang, Yisheng, 2016. "Clean distributed generation in China: Policy options and international experience," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 753-764.
    23. Luthra, Sunil & Garg, Dixit & Haleem, Abid, 2015. "An analysis of interactions among critical success factors to implement green supply chain management towards sustainability: An Indian perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(P1), pages 37-50.
    24. Lin, Boqiang & Omoju, Oluwasola E., 2017. "Focusing on the right targets: Economic factors driving non-hydro renewable energy transition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 52-63.
    25. Yousefi-Sahzabi, Amin & Unlu-Yucesoy, Eda & Sasaki, Kyuro & Yuosefi, Hossein & Widiatmojo, Arif & Sugai, Yuichi, 2017. "Turkish challenges for low-carbon society: Current status, government policies and social acceptance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 596-608.
    26. Zhao, Zhen-yu & Yan, Hong & Zuo, Jian & Tian, Yu-xi & Zillante, George, 2013. "A critical review of factors affecting the wind power generation industry in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 499-508.
    27. Sadorsky, Perry, 2009. "Renewable energy consumption and income in emerging economies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(10), pages 4021-4028, October.
    28. Zhao, Zhen-Yu & Chang, Rui-Dong & Chen, Yu-Long, 2016. "What hinder the further development of wind power in China?—A socio-technical barrier study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 465-476.
    29. Ru, Peng & Zhi, Qiang & Zhang, Fang & Zhong, Xiaotian & Li, Jianqiang & Su, Jun, 2012. "Behind the development of technology: The transition of innovation modes in China’s wind turbine manufacturing industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 58-69.
    30. Zou, Peng & Chen, Qixin & Yu, Yang & Xia, Qing & Kang, Chongqing, 2017. "Electricity markets evolution with the changing generation mix: An empirical analysis based on China 2050 High Renewable Energy Penetration Roadmap," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 56-67.
    31. Kortsch, Timo & Hildebrand, Jan & Schweizer-Ries, Petra, 2015. "Acceptance of biomass plants – Results of a longitudinal study in the bioenergy-region Altmark," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 690-697.
    32. Aguirre, Mariana & Ibikunle, Gbenga, 2014. "Determinants of renewable energy growth: A global sample analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 374-384.
    33. Brunnschweiler, Christa N., 2010. "Finance for renewable energy: an empirical analysis of developing and transition economies," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 241-274, June.
    34. Fang, Yiping, 2011. "Economic welfare impacts from renewable energy consumption: The China experience," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 5120-5128.
    35. Sadorsky, Perry, 2009. "Renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and oil prices in the G7 countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 456-462, May.
    36. Lin, Boqiang & Moubarak, Mohamed, 2014. "Renewable energy consumption – Economic growth nexus for China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 111-117.
    37. Zhao, Zhen-Yu & Chen, Yu-Long & Chang, Rui-Dong, 2016. "How to stimulate renewable energy power generation effectively? – China's incentive approaches and lessons," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 147-156.
    38. Sun, Bing & Yu, Yixin & Qin, Chao, 2017. "Should China focus on the distributed development of wind and solar photovoltaic power generation? A comparative study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 421-439.
    39. Bao, Chao & Fang, Chuang-lin, 2013. "Geographical and environmental perspectives for the sustainable development of renewable energy in urbanizing China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 464-474.
    40. Luthra, Sunil & Kumar, Sanjay & Garg, Dixit & Haleem, Abid, 2015. "Barriers to renewable/sustainable energy technologies adoption: Indian perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 762-776.
    41. Lo, Kevin, 2014. "A critical review of China's rapidly developing renewable energy and energy efficiency policies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 508-516.
    42. Lo, Kevin & Wang, Mark Y., 2013. "Energy conservation in China’s Twelfth Five-Year Plan period: Continuation or paradigm shift?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 499-507.
    43. Schuman, Sara & Lin, Alvin, 2012. "China's Renewable Energy Law and its impact on renewable power in China: Progress, challenges and recommendations for improving implementation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 89-109.
    44. Wang, GuoHong & Wang, YunXia & Zhao, Tao, 2008. "Analysis of interactions among the barriers to energy saving in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1879-1889, June.
    45. Zhao, Zhen-Yu & Zuo, Jian & Zillante, George, 2013. "Factors influencing the success of BOT power plant projects in China: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 446-453.
    46. Lin, Boqiang & Omoju, Oluwasola E. & Okonkwo, Jennifer U., 2016. "Factors influencing renewable electricity consumption in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 687-696.
    47. Ribeiro, Fernando & Ferreira, Paula & Araújo, Madalena & Braga, Ana Cristina, 2018. "Modelling perception and attitudes towards renewable energy technologies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 688-697.
    48. Sharifian, Amir & Ghadi, M. Jabbari & Ghavidel, Sahand & Li, Li & Zhang, Jiangfeng, 2018. "A new method based on Type-2 fuzzy neural network for accurate wind power forecasting under uncertain data," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 220-230.
    49. Stigka, Eleni K. & Paravantis, John A. & Mihalakakou, Giouli K., 2014. "Social acceptance of renewable energy sources: A review of contingent valuation applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 100-106.
    50. Salim, Ruhul A. & Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa, 2012. "Why do some emerging economies proactively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 1051-1057.
    51. Wang, Jianzhou & Hu, Jianming & Ma, Kailiang, 2016. "Wind speed probability distribution estimation and wind energy assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 881-899.
    52. Zhang, Yuning & Tang, Ningning & Niu, Yuguang & Du, Xiaoze, 2016. "Wind energy rejection in China: Current status, reasons and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 322-344.
    53. Thongchart Kerdphol & Fathin S. Rahman & Yasunori Mitani & Komsan Hongesombut & Sinan Küfeoğlu, 2017. "Virtual Inertia Control-Based Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Considering High Renewable Energy Integration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-21, May.
    54. Lin, Boqiang & He, Jiaxin, 2016. "Learning curves for harnessing biomass power: What could explain the reduction of its cost during the expansion of China?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 280-288.
    55. Chen, C. & Li, Y.P. & Huang, G.H., 2016. "Interval-fuzzy municipal-scale energy model for identification of optimal strategies for energy management – A case study of Tianjin, China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 1161-1177.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ma, Yu & Zhang, Tingting & Qian, Wenyu & Wei, Danqi, 2022. "Financial development, demographic changes, and the growth of the non-hydro renewable energy Industry—An empirical test based on R&D and financing costs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 217-229.
    2. Xu, Jie & Lv, Tao & Hou, Xiaoran & Deng, Xu & Li, Na & Liu, Feng, 2022. "Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of renewable energy production in China: A spatial econometric analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    3. Przychodzen, Wojciech & Przychodzen, Justyna, 2020. "Determinants of renewable energy production in transition economies: A panel data approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    4. Mukeshimana, Marie Claire & Zhao, Zhen-Yu & Nshimiyimana, Jean Pierre, 2021. "Evaluating strategies for renewable energy development in Rwanda: An integrated SWOT – ISM analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 402-414.
    5. Hasan Mahmud & Joyashree Roy, 2021. "Barriers to Overcome in Accelerating Renewable Energy Penetration in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-28, July.
    6. Shahnazi, Rouhollah & Dehghan Shabani, Zahra, 2020. "Do renewable energy production spillovers matter in the EU?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 786-796.
    7. Dogan, Eyup & Chishti, Muhammad Zubair & Karimi Alavijeh, Nooshin & Tzeremes, Panayiotis, 2022. "The roles of technology and Kyoto Protocol in energy transition towards COP26 targets: Evidence from the novel GMM-PVAR approach for G-7 countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    8. Zeinalnezhad, Masoomeh & Chofreh, Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh & Goni, Feybi Ariani & Hashemi, Leila Sadat & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2021. "A hybrid risk analysis model for wind farms using Coloured Petri Nets and interpretive structural modelling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    9. Xu, Xiaofeng & Wei, Zhifei & Ji, Qiang & Wang, Chenglong & Gao, Guowei, 2019. "Global renewable energy development: Influencing factors, trend predictions and countermeasures," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Liu, Yang & Zhao, Xiaomeng & Dong, Kangyin & Jiang, Qingzhe, 2023. "Assessing the role of green finance in sustainable energy investments by power utilities: Evidence from China," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    11. Nandal, Vinod & Kumar, Raj & Singh, S.K., 2019. "Barriers identification and analysis of solar power implementation in Indian thermal power plants: An Interpretative Structural Modeling approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    12. Xu, Shengqing, 2021. "The paradox of the energy revolution in China: A socio-technical transition perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Ying & Zhang, Dayong & Ji, Qiang & Shi, Xunpeng, 2020. "Regional renewable energy development in China: A multidimensional assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    2. Apergis, Nicholas & Pinar, Mehmet, 2021. "The role of party polarization in renewable energy consumption: Fresh evidence across the EU countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Ghazouani, Tarek, 2022. "Dynamic impact of globalization on renewable energy consumption: Non-parametric modelling evidence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    4. Bourcet, Clémence, 2020. "Empirical determinants of renewable energy deployment: A systematic literature review," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    5. Dogan, Eyup & Chishti, Muhammad Zubair & Karimi Alavijeh, Nooshin & Tzeremes, Panayiotis, 2022. "The roles of technology and Kyoto Protocol in energy transition towards COP26 targets: Evidence from the novel GMM-PVAR approach for G-7 countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    6. Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Demir, Ender & Padhan, Hemachandra, 2020. "The impact of economic globalization on renewable energy in the OECD countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    7. Qin, Yong & Xu, Zeshui & Wang, Xinxin & Škare, Marinko, 2023. "The effects of financial institutions on the green energy transition: A cross-sectional panel study," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 524-542.
    8. Maqbool, Rashid, 2018. "Efficiency and effectiveness of factors affecting renewable energy projects; an empirical perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 944-956.
    9. Best, Rohan & Burke, Paul J., 2018. "Adoption of solar and wind energy: The roles of carbon pricing and aggregate policy support," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 404-417.
    10. Shang, Yunfeng & Han, Ding & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Sahoo, Bimal Kishore, 2022. "The impact of climate policy uncertainty on renewable and non-renewable energy demand in the United States," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 654-667.
    11. Ibrahiem, Dalia M. & Hanafy, Shaimaa A., 2021. "Do energy security and environmental quality contribute to renewable energy? The role of trade openness and energy use in North African countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 667-678.
    12. Chen, Chaoyi & Pinar, Mehmet & Stengos, Thanasis, 2021. "Determinants of renewable energy consumption: Importance of democratic institutions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 75-83.
    13. Sweidan, Osama D., 2021. "Is the geopolitical risk an incentive or obstacle to renewable energy deployment? Evidence from a panel analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 377-384.
    14. Lin, Boqiang & Omoju, Oluwasola E., 2017. "Focusing on the right targets: Economic factors driving non-hydro renewable energy transition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 52-63.
    15. Li Ma & Die Xu, 2021. "Toward Renewable Energy in China: Revisiting Driving Factors of Chinese Wind Power Generation Development and Spatial Distribution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-13, August.
    16. Yuan, Jiahai & Sun, Shenghui & Shen, Jiakun & Xu, Yan & Zhao, Changhong, 2014. "Wind power supply chain in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 356-369.
    17. Jidapa Ungwanitban & Salah ud Din Taj, 2020. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Renewable Electricity Technology Adoption in Thailand," iRASD Journal of Economics, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 2(2), pages 99-111, June.
    18. Lin, Boqiang & Omoju, Oluwasola E. & Okonkwo, Jennifer U., 2016. "Factors influencing renewable electricity consumption in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 687-696.
    19. Lu, Zhou & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Padhan, Hemachandra & Yan, Cheng, 2022. "Welfare gains from international trade and renewable energy demand: Evidence from the OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    20. Baye, Richmond Silvanus & Ahenkan, Albert & Darkwah, Samuel, 2021. "Renewable energy output in sub Saharan Africa," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 705-714.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:131:y:2019:i:c:p:506-517. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.