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COVID-19 and food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria

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  • Amare, Mulubrhan
  • Abay, Kibrom A.
  • Tiberti, Luca
  • Chamberlin, Jordan

Abstract

This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to examine the implication of the COVID-19 pandemic on household food security and labor market participation outcomes in Nigeria. To examine these relationships and implications, we exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures, along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest, using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that households exposed to higher COVID-19 case rates or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that the spread of the pandemic is associated with significant reductions in labor market participation. For instance, lockdown measures are associated with 6–15 percentage points increase in households' experience of food insecurity. Similarly, lockdown measures are associated with 12 percentage points reduction in the probability of participation in non-farm business activities. These lockdown measures have limited implications on wage-related activities and farming activities. In terms of food security, households relying on non-farm businesses, poorer households, and those living in remote and conflicted-affected zones have experienced relatively larger deteriorations in food security. These findings can help inform immediate and medium-term policy responses, including social protection policies aiming at ameliorating the impacts of the pandemic.

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  • Amare, Mulubrhan & Abay, Kibrom A. & Tiberti, Luca & Chamberlin, Jordan, 2021. "COVID-19 and food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfpoli:v:101:y:2021:i:c:s0306919221000786
    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102099
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    2. Wenjin Long & Junxia Zeng & Tongquan Sun, 2021. "Who Lost Most Wages and Household Income during the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Poor Rural China?," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 29(6), pages 95-116, November.
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    5. Villacis, Alexis H. & Mayorga, Joaquin & Mishra, Ashok K., 2022. "Experience-based food insecurity and agricultural productivity in Nigeria," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    6. Guedegbe, Tharcisse & Adelaja, Adesoji & George, Justin, 2023. "Resilience, endogenous policy responses to COVID-19, and their impacts on farm performance," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    7. Oluyemi Adewole Okunlola & Yacouba Kassouri, 2023. "Empirical investigation of the agriculture–malnutrition nexus in Africa: Spatial clustering and spillover effects," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 685-709, May.
    8. Catherine Nkirote Kunyanga & Morten Fibieger Byskov & Keith Hyams & Samuel Mburu & Grace Werikhe & Rawlynce Bett, 2023. "Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Market Prices and Food Supply in Urban Markets in Nairobi, Kenya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.
    9. Dessy, Sylvain & Gninafon, Horace & Tiberti, Luca & Tiberti, Marco, 2021. "COVID-19 and Children’s School Resilience: Evidence from Nigeria," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315263, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
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    15. Rudin-Rush, Lorin & Michler, Jeffrey D. & Josephson, Anna & Bloem, Jeffrey R., 2022. "Food insecurity during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in four African countries," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    16. Younas Khan & Umar Daraz & Štefan Bojnec, 2023. "Enhancing Food Security and Nutrition through Social Safety Nets: A Pathway to Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-13, September.
    17. Chakravorty, Bhaskar & Bhatiya, Apurav Yash & Imbert, Clément & Lohnert, Maximilian & Panda, Poonam & Rathelot, Roland, 2023. "Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on India’s rural youth: Evidence from a panel survey and an experiment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    18. Ruishi Si & Yumeng Yao & Xueqian Zhang & Qian Lu & Noshaba Aziz, 2022. "Exploring the Role of Contiguous Farmland Cultivation and Adoption of No-Tillage Technology in Improving Transferees’ Income Structure: Evidence from China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-25, April.
    19. Anna SPINARDI & Nigora ISAMIDDINOVA & Irene CLAVIJO & Kevin HENKENS, 2022. "Mental Health and Gender Inequality in the MENA Region: An Analysis of Shock Related Factors Within the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Working Paper 7b4fa973-422c-4998-8e78-0, Agence française de développement.
    20. Mohamad Ikhsan & I Gede Sthitaprajna Virananda, 2021. "How COVID-19 Affects Food Security in Indonesia," LPEM FEBUI Working Papers 202161, LPEM, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, revised 2021.
    21. Thomas Daum & Hans Konrad Biesalski & Nikola Blaschke & Christine Bosch & Denise Güttler & Jakob Heni & Juliet Kariuki & Roseline Katusiime & Anna Seidel & Zinsou‐Narcisse Senon & George Woode & Regin, 2023. "Nutrition‐sensitive lockdowns: Conceptual framework and empirical insights from Africa during COVID‐19," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 41(3), May.
    22. Liette Vasseur & Heather VanVolkenburg & Isabelle Vandeplas & Katim Touré & Safiétou Sanfo & Fatoumata Lamarana Baldé, 2021. "The Effects of Pandemics on the Vulnerability of Food Security in West Africa—A Scoping Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-12, November.
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    24. Tebkieta Alexandra Tapsoba, 2022. "Remittances and households' livelihood in the context of Covid‐19: Evidence from Burkina Faso," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(4), pages 737-753, May.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; Coronavirus; Pandemic; Welfare; Labor market participation; Sub-Saharan Africa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets

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