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Utilization of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources used as distributed generators for improving characteristics of electric power distribution systems

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  • Fathabadi, Hassan

Abstract

In this study, different effects of EVs (electric vehicles)/PHEVs (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) with V2G (vehicle-to-grid) connection capability and renewable energy sources used as DGs (distributed generators) on a power distribution network are analyzed. A power distribution network including CPGs (conventional power generators) located in powerhouses, different types of renewable energy sources consisting of PV (photovoltaic), WT (wind turbine) and FC (fuel cell) systems used as DGs, and EVs with V2G connection capability is considered. Limitations of the power distribution network and an objective function including the power production cost, power loss, and voltage profile that are the most significant parameters of a power grid are defined. The objective function is minimized in the four cases that are the grid with CPGs, the grid with CPGs and DGs, the grid with CPGs and EVs, and the grid with CPGs, DGs and EVs. For the first time, theoretical results together with simulation verifications performed in ETAP/MATLAB environments explicitly verify that the lowest electric power production cost and the best voltage profile are obtained by simultaneously utilizing CPGs, renewable energy sources used as DGs and charging/discharging EVs, while the lowest power loss is obtained by utilizing CPGs and DGs in a grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Fathabadi, Hassan, 2015. "Utilization of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources used as distributed generators for improving characteristics of electric power distribution systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 1100-1110.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:90:y:2015:i:p1:p:1100-1110
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.063
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    4. Millo, F. & Cubito, C. & Rolando, L. & Pautasso, E. & Servetto, E., 2017. "Design and development of an hybrid light commercial vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 90-99.
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    7. Ceran, Bartosz, 2019. "The concept of use of PV/WT/FC hybrid power generation system for smoothing the energy profile of the consumer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 853-865.
    8. Shi, Ruifeng & Li, Shaopeng & Zhang, Penghui & Lee, Kwang Y., 2020. "Integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles in V2G network with adjustable robust optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1067-1080.
    9. Seyfettin Vadi & Ramazan Bayindir & Alperen Mustafa Colak & Eklas Hossain, 2019. "A Review on Communication Standards and Charging Topologies of V2G and V2H Operation Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-27, September.
    10. Quddus, Md Abdul & Shahvari, Omid & Marufuzzaman, Mohammad & Ekşioğlu, Sandra D. & Castillo-Villar, Krystel K., 2021. "Designing a reliable electric vehicle charging station expansion under uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    11. Codani, Paul & Perez, Yannick & Petit, Marc, 2016. "Financial shortfall for electric vehicles: Economic impacts of Transmission System Operators market designs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 422-431.
    12. Claudio Cubito & Federico Millo & Giulio Boccardo & Giuseppe Di Pierro & Biagio Ciuffo & Georgios Fontaras & Simone Serra & Marcos Otura Garcia & Germana Trentadue, 2017. "Impact of Different Driving Cycles and Operating Conditions on CO 2 Emissions and Energy Management Strategies of a Euro-6 Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    13. Sergio Ignacio Serna-Garcés & Daniel Gonzalez Montoya & Carlos Andres Ramos-Paja, 2016. "Sliding-Mode Control of a Charger/Discharger DC/DC Converter for DC-Bus Regulation in Renewable Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-27, March.
    14. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2017. "Novel grid-connected solar/wind powered electric vehicle charging station with vehicle-to-grid technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1-11.
    15. Yao, Zhaosheng & Wang, Zhiyuan & Ran, Lun, 2023. "Smart charging and discharging of electric vehicles based on multi-objective robust optimization in smart cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    16. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2018. "Novel fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid power source for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 467-477.
    17. Nunes, Pedro & Brito, M.C., 2017. "Displacing natural gas with electric vehicles for grid stabilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 87-96.
    18. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2016. "Novel highly accurate universal maximum power point tracker for maximum power extraction from hybrid fuel cell/photovoltaic/wind power generation systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 402-416.
    19. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2016. "Novel high-efficient unified maximum power point tracking controller for hybrid fuel cell/wind systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1498-1510.
    20. Lu, Xi & Xia, Shiwei & Gu, Wei & Chan, Ka Wing & Shahidehpour, Mohammad, 2021. "Two-stage robust distribution system operation by coordinating electric vehicle aggregator charging and load curtailments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    21. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2017. "Novel fast and high accuracy maximum power point tracking method for hybrid photovoltaic/fuel cell energy conversion systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 232-242.
    22. Quddus, Md Abdul & Shahvari, Omid & Marufuzzaman, Mohammad & Usher, John M. & Jaradat, Raed, 2018. "A collaborative energy sharing optimization model among electric vehicle charging stations, commercial buildings, and power grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 841-857.
    23. He, Hongwen & Wang, Yunlong & Han, Ruoyan & Han, Mo & Bai, Yunfei & Liu, Qingwu, 2021. "An improved MPC-based energy management strategy for hybrid vehicles using V2V and V2I communications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    24. Zeng, Bo & Feng, Jiahuan & Zhang, Jianhua & Liu, Zongqi, 2017. "An optimal integrated planning method for supporting growing penetration of electric vehicles in distribution systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 273-284.
    25. Wei, Hongqian & Zhang, Youtong & Wang, Yongzhen & Hua, Weiqi & Jing, Rui & Zhou, Yue, 2022. "Planning integrated energy systems coupling V2G as a flexible storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).

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