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Hydrogen generator characteristics for storage of renewably-generated energy

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  • Kotowicz, Janusz
  • Bartela, Łukasz
  • Węcel, Daniel
  • Dubiel, Klaudia

Abstract

The paper presents a methodology for determining the efficiency of a hydrogen generator taking the power requirements of its auxiliary systems into account. Authors present results of laboratory experiments conducted on a hydrogen generator containing a PEM water electrolyzer for a wide range of device loads. On the basis of measurements, the efficiency characteristics of electrolyzers were determined, including that of an entire hydrogen generator using a monitored power supply for its auxiliary devices. Based on the results of the experimental tests, the authors have proposed generalized characteristics of hydrogen generator efficiency. These characteristics were used for analyses of a Power-to-Gas system cooperating with a 40 MW wind farm with a known yearly power distribution. It was assumed that nightly-produced hydrogen is injected into the natural gas transmission system. An algorithm for determining the thermodynamic and economic characteristics of a Power-to-Gas installation is proposed. These characteristics were determined as a function of the degree of storage of the energy produced in a Renewable Energy Sources (RES) installation, defined as the ratio of the amount of electricity directed to storage to the annual amount of electricity generated in the RES installation. Depending on the degree of storage, several quantities were determined.

Suggested Citation

  • Kotowicz, Janusz & Bartela, Łukasz & Węcel, Daniel & Dubiel, Klaudia, 2017. "Hydrogen generator characteristics for storage of renewably-generated energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 156-171.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:118:y:2017:i:c:p:156-171
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.148
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    5. Karamanev, Dimitre & Pupkevich, Victor & Penev, Kalin & Glibin, Vassili & Gohil, Jay & Vajihinejad, Vahid, 2017. "Biological conversion of hydrogen to electricity for energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 237-245.
    6. Kotowicz, Janusz & Węcel, Daniel & Jurczyk, Michał, 2018. "Analysis of component operation in power-to-gas-to-power installations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 45-59.
    7. Khosravi, A. & Syri, Sanna & Assad, M.E.H. & Malekan, M., 2019. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a hybrid ocean thermal energy conversion/photovoltaic system with hydrogen-based energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 304-319.
    8. Bartela, Łukasz, 2020. "A hybrid energy storage system using compressed air and hydrogen as the energy carrier," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    9. Robinius, Martin & Raje, Tanmay & Nykamp, Stefan & Rott, Tobias & Müller, Martin & Grube, Thomas & Katzenbach, Burkhard & Küppers, Stefan & Stolten, Detlef, 2018. "Power-to-Gas: Electrolyzers as an alternative to network expansion – An example from a distribution system operator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 182-197.
    10. Wang, Feng & Li, Rongfeng & Ding, Cuiping & Tang, Wukui & Wang, Yibo & Xu, Shimeng & Yu, Ronghai & Wang, Zhongmin, 2017. "Enhanced hydrogen storage properties of ZrCo alloy decorated with flower-like Pd particles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 8-17.
    11. Kotowicz, Janusz & Uchman, Wojciech & Jurczyk, Michał & Sekret, Robert, 2023. "Evaluation of the potential for distributed generation of green hydrogen using metal-hydride storage methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    12. Bartela, Łukasz & Kotowicz, Janusz & Dubiel-Jurgaś, Klaudia, 2018. "Investment risk for biomass integrated gasification combined heat and power unit with an internal combustion engine and a Stirling engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 601-616.
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    14. Peydayesh, Mohammad & Mohammadi, Toraj & Bakhtiari, Omid, 2017. "Effective hydrogen purification from methane via polyimide Matrimid® 5218- Deca-dodecasil 3R type zeolite mixed matrix membrane," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2100-2107.
    15. Rimkus, Alfredas & Matijošius, Jonas & Bogdevičius, Marijonas & Bereczky, Ákos & Török, Ádám, 2018. "An investigation of the efficiency of using O2 and H2 (hydrooxile gas -HHO) gas additives in a ci engine operating on diesel fuel and biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 640-651.
    16. Khosravi, A. & Koury, R.N.N. & Machado, L. & Pabon, J.J.G., 2018. "Energy, exergy and economic analysis of a hybrid renewable energy with hydrogen storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1087-1102.
    17. Lin, Haiyang & Wu, Qiuwei & Chen, Xinyu & Yang, Xi & Guo, Xinyang & Lv, Jiajun & Lu, Tianguang & Song, Shaojie & McElroy, Michael, 2021. "Economic and technological feasibility of using power-to-hydrogen technology under higher wind penetration in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 569-580.
    18. Daniel Węcel & Michał Jurczyk & Wojciech Uchman & Anna Skorek-Osikowska, 2020. "Investigation on System for Renewable Electricity Storage in Small Scale Integrating Photovoltaics, Batteries, and Hydrogen Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    19. Yuzer, B. & Selcuk, H. & Chehade, G. & Demir, M.E. & Dincer, I., 2020. "Evaluation of hydrogen production via electrolysis with ion exchange membranes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    20. Uchman, Wojciech & Skorek-Osikowska, Anna & Jurczyk, Michał & Węcel, Daniel, 2020. "The analysis of dynamic operation of power-to-SNG system with hydrogen generator powered with renewable energy, hydrogen storage and methanation unit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).

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