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Renewable distributed generation: The hidden challenges – A review from the protection perspective

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  • Manditereza, Patrick Tendayi
  • Bansal, Ramesh

Abstract

This review paper is focused on the impact of distributed generation (DG) on distribution system protection. The integration of DG is transforming the traditional radial distribution system into a multi-source system that requires protection that is capable of maintaining proper coordination under bi-directional and variable power flow conditions. The multiple types of DGs with different short circuit characteristics mean that the protection must also be effective under conditions of unpredictable fault currents. New grid code requirements demand that DGs remain connected under fault conditions to provide grid support and improve system reliability and security of supply. A discussion is given of the traditional protection techniques for the distribution system and the shortcomings of such techniques when DGs are integrated into the system. The paper also presents a wide survey and review of recent techniques proposed by various researchers to mitigate the effects of DG integration on the performance of distribution system protection. Centralised and distributed techniques have been proposed that include deployment of intelligent smart devices and communication systems to enhance and provide novel ideas for solving the protection problem. The implementation challenges of these techniques are discussed and proposals for the future given.

Suggested Citation

  • Manditereza, Patrick Tendayi & Bansal, Ramesh, 2016. "Renewable distributed generation: The hidden challenges – A review from the protection perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1457-1465.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:58:y:2016:i:c:p:1457-1465
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.276
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    6. Noor Hussain & Mashood Nasir & Juan Carlos Vasquez & Josep M. Guerrero, 2020. "Recent Developments and Challenges on AC Microgrids Fault Detection and Protection Systems–A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-31, May.
    7. Hirase, Y. & Noro, O. & Nakagawa, H. & Yoshimura, E. & Katsura, S. & Abe, K. & Sugimoto, K. & Sakimoto, K., 2018. "Decentralised and interlink-less power interchange among residences in microgrids using virtual synchronous generator control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2437-2447.
    8. Shobole, Abdulfetah Abdela & Wadi, Mohammed, 2021. "Multiagent systems application for the smart grid protection," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    9. Hirase, Yuko & Abe, Kensho & Sugimoto, Kazushige & Sakimoto, Kenichi & Bevrani, Hassan & Ise, Toshifumi, 2018. "A novel control approach for virtual synchronous generators to suppress frequency and voltage fluctuations in microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 699-710.
    10. Furuoka, Fumitaka, 2017. "Renewable electricity consumption and economic development: New findings from the Baltic countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 450-463.
    11. Mishra, Manohar & Patnaik, Bhaskar & Biswal, Monalisa & Hasan, Shazia & Bansal, Ramesh C., 2022. "A systematic review on DC-microgrid protection and grounding techniques: Issues, challenges and future perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    12. Salima Abeid & Yanting Hu & Feras Alasali & Naser El-Naily, 2022. "Innovative Optimal Nonstandard Tripping Protection Scheme for Radial and Meshed Microgrid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-29, July.
    13. Yang, Chao & Yao, Wei & Fang, Jiakun & Ai, Xiaomeng & Chen, Zhe & Wen, Jinyu & He, Haibo, 2019. "Dynamic event-triggered robust secondary frequency control for islanded AC microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 821-836.
    14. Bertrand Corn'elusse & Iacopo Savelli & Simone Paoletti & Antonio Giannitrapani & Antonio Vicino, 2018. "A Community Microgrid Architecture with an Internal Local Market," Papers 1810.09803, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2019.
    15. Gomez-Gonzalez, M. & Hernandez, J.C. & Vera, D. & Jurado, F., 2020. "Optimal sizing and power schedule in PV household-prosumers for improving PV self-consumption and providing frequency containment reserve," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    16. Ammar Abbas Majeed & Ahmed Sabri Altaie & Mohamed Abderrahim & Afaneen Alkhazraji, 2023. "A Review of Protection Schemes for Electrical Distribution Networks with Green Distributed Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-31, November.
    17. Daniel-Leon Schultis, 2022. "Effective Volt/var Control for Low Voltage Grids with Bulk Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-30, March.
    18. Kotowicz, Janusz & Bartela, Łukasz & Węcel, Daniel & Dubiel, Klaudia, 2017. "Hydrogen generator characteristics for storage of renewably-generated energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 156-171.
    19. Patnaik, Bhaskar & Mishra, Manohar & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Jena, Ranjan Kumar, 2020. "AC microgrid protection – A review: Current and future prospective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    20. Daniel-Leon Schultis & Albana Ilo, 2021. "Increasing the Utilization of Existing Infrastructures by Using the Newly Introduced Boundary Voltage Limits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-27, August.
    21. Peng Tian & Zetao Li & Zhenghang Hao, 2019. "A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Adaptive Control Strategy and Coordination Technology Compatible with Feeder Automation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-21, November.
    22. Lupangu, C. & Bansal, R.C., 2017. "A review of technical issues on the development of solar photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 950-965.
    23. Daniel-Leon Schultis, 2019. "Comparison of Local Volt/var Control Strategies for PV Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Low Voltage Feeders," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-27, April.
    24. Zubo, Rana.H.A. & Mokryani, Geev & Rajamani, Haile-Selassie & Aghaei, Jamshid & Niknam, Taher & Pillai, Prashant, 2017. "Operation and planning of distribution networks with integration of renewable distributed generators considering uncertainties: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1177-1198.

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