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Determining the number of factors in approximate factor models by twice K-fold cross validation

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  • Wei, Jie
  • Chen, Hui

Abstract

We propose a data driven determination method of the number of factors by cross validation (CV) in approximate factor models. A K-fold CV is applied along each of the two directions (individual and time) of a panel dataset. We prove the consistency of the proposed twice K-fold CV under mild conditions. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate superior and robust performance of our selection method in comparison with existing approaches, especially at small panels with moderate units or time lengths. An empirical application to identify factor numbers in the UK is provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei, Jie & Chen, Hui, 2020. "Determining the number of factors in approximate factor models by twice K-fold cross validation," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:191:y:2020:i:c:s0165176520301191
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109149
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jushan Bai & Serena Ng, 2002. "Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(1), pages 191-221, January.
    2. Ma, Shujie & Linton, Oliver & Gao, Jiti, 2021. "Estimation and inference in semiparametric quantile factor models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 222(1), pages 295-323.
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    4. Seung C. Ahn & Alex R. Horenstein, 2013. "Eigenvalue Ratio Test for the Number of Factors," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 81(3), pages 1203-1227, May.
    5. Jin, Sainan & Miao, Ke & Su, Liangjun, 2021. "On factor models with random missing: EM estimation, inference, and cross validation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 222(1), pages 745-777.
    6. Kapetanios, George, 2010. "A Testing Procedure for Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models With Large Datasets," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 28(3), pages 397-409.
    7. Hallin, Marc & Liska, Roman, 2007. "Determining the Number of Factors in the General Dynamic Factor Model," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 102, pages 603-617, June.
    8. Zhang, Yongli & Yang, Yuhong, 2015. "Cross-validation for selecting a model selection procedure," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 187(1), pages 95-112.
    9. Stock, James H & Watson, Mark W, 2002. "Macroeconomic Forecasting Using Diffusion Indexes," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(2), pages 147-162, April.
    10. Alexei Onatski, 2010. "Determining the Number of Factors from Empirical Distribution of Eigenvalues," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 92(4), pages 1004-1016, November.
    11. Mehmet Caner & Xu Han, 2014. "Selecting the Correct Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models: The Large Panel Case With Group Bridge Estimators," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 359-374, July.
    12. Jia Chen & Degui Li & Oliver Linton & Zudi Lu, 2018. "Semiparametric Ultra-High Dimensional Model Averaging of Nonlinear Dynamic Time Series," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 113(522), pages 919-932, April.
    13. Shujie Ma & Oliver Linton & Jiti Gao, 2017. "Estimation and inference in semiparametric quantile factor models," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 8/17, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Wu, Jianhong, 2021. "Estimation of high dimensional factor model with multiple threshold-type regime shifts," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Esther Ruiz & Pilar Poncela, 2022. "Factor Extraction in Dynamic Factor Models: Kalman Filter Versus Principal Components," Foundations and Trends(R) in Econometrics, now publishers, vol. 12(2), pages 121-231, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Approximate factor models; K-fold cross validation; Consistency; Finite sample performance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • C55 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis

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