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Direct and indirect electrification of chemical industry using methanol production as a case study

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  • Chen, Chao
  • Lu, Yangsiyu
  • Banares-Alcantara, Rene

Abstract

This work aims to explore the electrification of chemical industry taking the production of methanol as a case study. A reference process, with a basis of 400,000 tonne per annum, is first simulated in Aspen Plus to produce methanol via traditional natural gas reforming. As an indirect electrification strategy, a non-conventional carbon dioxide hydrogenation methanol plant is then designed to substitute fossil fuel feedstock. Standalone heat-pumps are implemented as a direct electrification method in both processes at various extents generating different scenarios. It has been found that direct electrification has a small impact on energy consumption in all scenarios. In the reference process, direct electrification can only substitute 7.1 MW of heating, accounting for 7.8% of the total heating. In contrast, the energy structure of the indirectly electrified process is completely changed from the reference process: (1) very high temperature heating is eliminated; (2) electricity consumption is increased from 14.2 to 604.1 MW due to feedstock (hydrogen) synthesis. The renewable energy penetration and electricity price are taken into consideration when financial and environmental assessments are performed. At approximately 88% of renewable penetration, carbon neutrality is achieved in the indirectly electrified process. The net present value of the indirectly electrified process breaks even at an electricity price of 22 €/MWh and exceeds its counterpart reference process at 3–4 €/MWh. This analysis will enable the integration and management of renewable energy for methanol production and will facilitate future studies on the electrification of chemical production.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Chao & Lu, Yangsiyu & Banares-Alcantara, Rene, 2019. "Direct and indirect electrification of chemical industry using methanol production as a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 71-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:243:y:2019:i:c:p:71-90
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.184
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    3. Mehar Ullah & Daniel Gutierrez-Rojas & Eero Inkeri & Tero Tynjälä & Pedro H. J. Nardelli, 2022. "Operation of Power-to-X-Related Processes Based on Advanced Data-Driven Methods: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-17, October.
    4. Kim, Jin-Kuk, 2022. "Studies on the conceptual design of energy recovery and utility systems for electrified chemical processes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Bühler, Fabian & Zühlsdorf, Benjamin & Nguyen, Tuong-Van & Elmegaard, Brian, 2019. "A comparative assessment of electrification strategies for industrial sites: Case of milk powder production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 1383-1401.
    6. Svitnič, Tibor & Sundmacher, Kai, 2022. "Renewable methanol production: Optimization-based design, scheduling and waste-heat utilization with the FluxMax approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    7. Lincoln, Benjamin James & Kong, Lana & Pineda, Alyssa Mae & Walmsley, Timothy Gordon, 2022. "Process integration and electrification for efficient milk evaporation systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    8. Lux, Benjamin & Pfluger, Benjamin, 2020. "A supply curve of electricity-based hydrogen in a decarbonized European energy system in 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    9. Ma, Qian & Chang, Yuan & Yuan, Bo & Song, Zhaozheng & Xue, Jinjun & Jiang, Qingzhe, 2022. "Utilizing carbon dioxide from refinery flue gas for methanol production: System design and assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    10. Hermesmann, M. & Grübel, K. & Scherotzki, L. & Müller, T.E., 2021. "Promising pathways: The geographic and energetic potential of power-to-x technologies based on regeneratively obtained hydrogen," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    11. Walden, Jasper V.M. & Bähr, Martin & Glade, Anselm & Gollasch, Jens & Tran, A. Phong & Lorenz, Tom, 2023. "Nonlinear operational optimization of an industrial power-to-heat system with a high temperature heat pump, a thermal energy storage and wind energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    12. Safder, Usman & Tariq, Shahzeb & Yoo, ChangKyoo, 2022. "Multilevel optimization framework to support self-sustainability of industrial processes for energy/material recovery using circular integration concept," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    13. Son, Hyunsoo & Kim, Miae & Kim, Jin-Kuk, 2022. "Sustainable process integration of electrification technologies with industrial energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    14. Andrea Liberale Rispoli & Giacomo Rispoli & Nicola Verdone & Annarita Salladini & Emanuela Agostini & Mirko Boccacci & Maria Paola Parisi & Barbara Mazzarotta & Giorgio Vilardi, 2021. "The Electrification of Conventional Industrial Processes: The Use of Mechanical Vapor Compression in an EtOH–Water Distillation Tower," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.

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