IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v227y2018icp18-27.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Powering an island system by renewable energy—A feasibility analysis in the Maldives

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Jiahong
  • Mei, Chao
  • Wang, Hao
  • Shao, Weiwei
  • Xiang, Chenyao

Abstract

Water and energy supply systems are essential parts of the infrastructure on islands. For small islands that are far from continents, water shortage is usually the main constraint on economic and social development. In order to maintain island water security, desalination plants are built to supply fresh water. The plants need a great deal of energy, which increases demand for energy and the cost of transportation. Thus, it is necessary to design a new island system driven by renewable energy. This study investigated the existing type of water and energy supply systems in some typical islands of the world, and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages. The energy supply systems can be classified into three categories: imported conventional energy supply system (ICESS); imported conventional energy & renewable energy supply system (ICE&RESS); and integrated energy supply system (IESS). Water supply systems can also be classified into three categories: imported water supply system (ImWSS); imported water and unconventional water supply system (IW&UWSS); and integrated water supply system (InWSS). The nexus of energy and water is very complicated on islands. This paper presents a framework for an interconnected energy and water system on an island. The new framework reveals a roadmap from “full input of energy & water (FIEW)” through “semi-input of energy & water (SIEW)” to “zero input of energy & water (ZIEW)”, which leads an island's energy and water resources to become gradually independent from the mainland. The new framework also reduces transportation costs and carbon emissions. The proposed framework is applied to the Maldives to aid design of a renewable energy-driven water supply system. The characteristics and mutual adaptability of three types of renewable energy (solar, wind, and biomass energy) and water supply systems is discussed. The results show that a ZIEW system can be realized in the Maldives with a reduction in the cost of renewable energy. ZIEW system has great potential for application in island regions in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Jiahong & Mei, Chao & Wang, Hao & Shao, Weiwei & Xiang, Chenyao, 2018. "Powering an island system by renewable energy—A feasibility analysis in the Maldives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 18-27.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:227:y:2018:i:c:p:18-27
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.019
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261917314344
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.019?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. van Alphen, Klaas & van Sark, Wilfried G.J.H.M. & Hekkert, Marko P., 2007. "Renewable energy technologies in the Maldives--determining the potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 1650-1674, October.
    2. Segurado, R. & Costa, M. & Duić, N. & Carvalho, M.G., 2015. "Integrated analysis of energy and water supply in islands. Case study of S. Vicente, Cape Verde," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(P3), pages 639-648.
    3. Gils, Hans Christian & Simon, Sonja, 2017. "Carbon neutral archipelago – 100% renewable energy supply for the Canary Islands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 342-355.
    4. Notton, Gilles, 2015. "Importance of islands in renewable energy production and storage: The situation of the French islands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 260-269.
    5. Chong, W.T. & Naghavi, M.S. & Poh, S.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Pan, K.C., 2011. "Techno-economic analysis of a wind–solar hybrid renewable energy system with rainwater collection feature for urban high-rise application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 4067-4077.
    6. Dornan, Matthew & Shah, Kalim U., 2016. "Energy policy, aid, and the development of renewable energy resources in Small Island Developing States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 759-767.
    7. Jung, Jaesung & Villaran, Michael, 2017. "Optimal planning and design of hybrid renewable energy systems for microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 180-191.
    8. Kwon, Sunghoon & Won, Wangyun & Kim, Jiyong, 2016. "A superstructure model of an isolated power supply system using renewable energy: Development and application to Jeju Island, Korea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 177-188.
    9. Meschede, Henning & Holzapfel, Peter & Kadelbach, Florian & Hesselbach, Jens, 2016. "Classification of global island regarding the opportunity of using RES," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 251-258.
    10. Blechinger, P. & Cader, C. & Bertheau, P. & Huyskens, H. & Seguin, R. & Breyer, C., 2016. "Global analysis of the techno-economic potential of renewable energy hybrid systems on small islands," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 674-687.
    11. Kaldellis, J.K. & Zafirakis, D. & Kavadias, K., 2009. "Techno-economic comparison of energy storage systems for island autonomous electrical networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 378-392, February.
    12. Schallenberg-Rodríguez, Julieta & Veza, José Miguel & Blanco-Marigorta, Ana, 2014. "Energy efficiency and desalination in the Canary Islands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 741-748.
    13. Manju, S. & Sagar, Netramani, 2017. "Renewable energy integrated desalination: A sustainable solution to overcome future fresh-water scarcity in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 594-609.
    14. Sakaguchi, Takushi & Tabata, Tomohiro, 2015. "100% electric power potential of PV, wind power, and biomass energy in Awaji island Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1156-1165.
    15. Calise, Francesco & Macaluso, Adriano & Piacentino, Antonio & Vanoli, Laura, 2017. "A novel hybrid polygeneration system supplying energy and desalinated water by renewable sources in Pantelleria Island," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 1086-1106.
    16. M, Chandrashekara & Yadav, Avadhesh, 2017. "Water desalination system using solar heat: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1308-1330.
    17. Ma, Tao & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin, 2014. "A feasibility study of a stand-alone hybrid solar–wind–battery system for a remote island," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 149-158.
    18. Kuang, Yonghong & Zhang, Yongjun & Zhou, Bin & Li, Canbing & Cao, Yijia & Li, Lijuan & Zeng, Long, 2016. "A review of renewable energy utilization in islands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 504-513.
    19. Khare, Vikas & Nema, Savita & Baredar, Prashant, 2016. "Solar–wind hybrid renewable energy system: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 23-33.
    20. Yaqoot, Mohammed & Diwan, Parag & Kandpal, Tara C., 2016. "Review of barriers to the dissemination of decentralized renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 477-490.
    21. Timilsina, Govinda R. & Shah, Kalim U., 2016. "Filling the gaps: Policy supports and interventions for scaling up renewable energy development in Small Island Developing States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 653-662.
    22. Wolf, Franziska & Surroop, Dinesh & Singh, Anirudh & Leal, Walter, 2016. "Energy access and security strategies in Small Island Developing States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 663-673.
    23. Betzold, Carola, 2016. "Fuelling the Pacific: Aid for renewable energy across Pacific Island countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 311-318.
    24. Bénard-Sora, Fiona & Praene, Jean Philippe, 2016. "Territorial analysis of energy consumption of a small remote island: Proposal for classification and highlighting consumption profiles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 636-648.
    25. Mentis, Dimitrios & Karalis, George & Zervos, Arthouros & Howells, Mark & Taliotis, Constantinos & Bazilian, Morgan & Rogner, Holger, 2016. "Desalination using renewable energy sources on the arid islands of South Aegean Sea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 262-272.
    26. Eltawil, Mohamed A. & Zhengming, Zhao & Yuan, Liqiang, 2009. "A review of renewable energy technologies integrated with desalination systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2245-2262, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Curto, Domenico & Favuzza, Salvatore & Franzitta, Vincenzo & Guercio, Andrea & Amparo Navarro Navia, Milagros & Telaretti, Enrico & Zizzo, Gaetano, 2022. "Grid Stability Improvement Using Synthetic Inertia by Battery Energy Storage Systems in Small Islands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    2. Khaireldin Faraj & Mahmoud Khaled & Jalal Faraj & Farouk Hachem & Cathy Castelain, 2022. "A Summary Review on Experimental Studies for PCM Building Applications: Towards Advanced Modular Prototype," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-43, February.
    3. Papapostolou, Christiana M. & Kondili, Emilia M. & Zafirakis, Dimitris P. & Tzanes, Georgios T., 2020. "Sustainable water supply systems for the islands: The integration with the energy problem," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2577-2588.
    4. Liu, Zhiyuan & Yu, Hang & Liu, Rui, 2019. "A novel energy supply and demand matching model in park integrated energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 1007-1019.
    5. Alexandros Korkovelos & Hisham Zerriffi & Mark Howells & Morgan Bazilian & H-Holger Rogner & Francesco Fuso Nerini, 2020. "A Retrospective Analysis of Energy Access with a Focus on the Role of Mini-Grids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-29, February.
    6. Schallenberg-Rodríguez, Julieta & Del Rio-Gamero, Beatriz & Melian-Martel, Noemi & Lis Alecio, Tyrone & González Herrera, Javier, 2020. "Energy supply of a large size desalination plant using wave energy. Practical case: North of Gran Canaria," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    7. Daniele Milone & Domenico Curto & Vincenzo Franzitta & Andrea Guercio & Maurizio Cirrincione & Ali Mohammadi, 2022. "An Economic Approach to Size of a Renewable Energy Mix in Small Islands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    8. He, Wei & Tao, Li & Han, Lei & Sun, Yasong & Campana, Pietro Elia & Yan, Jinyue, 2021. "Optimal analysis of a hybrid renewable power system for a remote island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 96-104.
    9. Farooq, Abdul Samad & Zhang, Peng & Gao, Yongfeng & Gulfam, Raza, 2021. "Emerging radiative materials and prospective applications of radiative sky cooling - A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    10. Mehrjerdi, Hasan, 2020. "Modeling and optimization of an island water-energy nexus powered by a hybrid solar-wind renewable system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    11. Goodarzi, Mostafa & Li, Qifeng, 2022. "Evaluate the capacity of electricity-driven water facilities in small communities as virtual energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    12. Walter Leal Filho & Abdul-Lateef Balogun & Dinesh Surroop & Amanda Lange Salvia & Kapil Narula & Chunlan Li & Julian David Hunt & Andrea Gatto & Ayyoob Sharifi & Haibo Feng & Stella Tsani & Hossein Az, 2022. "Realising the Potential of Renewable Energy as a Tool for Energy Security in Small Island Developing States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-21, April.
    13. Maurizio Filippo Acciarri & Silvia Checola & Paolo Galli & Giacomo Magatti & Silvana Stefani, 2021. "Water Resource Management and Sustainability: A Case Study in Faafu Atoll in the Republic of Maldives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, March.
    14. Meenakshi Shankar Poti & Jean Huge & Kartik Shanker & Nico Koedam & Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, 2022. "Learning from small islands in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO): A systematic review of responses to environmental change," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/346937, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    15. Faraj, Khaireldin & Khaled, Mahmoud & Faraj, Jalal & Hachem, Farouk & Castelain, Cathy, 2020. "Phase change material thermal energy storage systems for cooling applications in buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    16. Wang, Wenwen & Xie, Sitao & Pan, Quanwen & Dai, Yanjun & Wang, Ruzhu & Ge, Tianshu, 2021. "Air-cooled adsorption-based device for harvesting water from island air," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    17. Keiner, Dominik & Salcedo-Puerto, Orlando & Immonen, Ekaterina & van Sark, Wilfried G.J.H.M. & Nizam, Yoosuf & Shadiya, Fathmath & Duval, Justine & Delahaye, Timur & Gulagi, Ashish & Breyer, Christian, 2022. "Powering an island energy system by offshore floating technologies towards 100% renewables: A case for the Maldives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    18. Salim, Daniel Henrique Carneiro & de Sousa Mello, Caio César & Franco, Guilherme Gandra & de Albuquerque Nóbrega, Rodrigo Affonso & de Paula, Eduardo Coutinho & Fonseca, Bráulio Magalhães & Nero, Marc, 2023. "Unveiling Fernando de Noronha Island's photovoltaic potential with unmanned aerial survey and irradiation modeling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dorotić, Hrvoje & Doračić, Borna & Dobravec, Viktorija & Pukšec, Tomislav & Krajačić, Goran & Duić, Neven, 2019. "Integration of transport and energy sectors in island communities with 100% intermittent renewable energy sources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 109-124.
    2. Alessandro Corsini & Eileen Tortora, 2018. "Sea-Water Desalination for Load Levelling of Gen-Sets in Small Off-Grid Islands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
    3. Javier Mendoza-Vizcaino & Andreas Sumper & Samuel Galceran-Arellano, 2017. "PV, Wind and Storage Integration on Small Islands for the Fulfilment of the 50-50 Renewable Electricity Generation Target," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-29, May.
    4. Meschede, Henning & Dunkelberg, Heiko & Stöhr, Fabian & Peesel, Ron-Hendrik & Hesselbach, Jens, 2017. "Assessment of probabilistic distributed factors influencing renewable energy supply for hotels using Monte-Carlo methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 86-100.
    5. Calise, F. & Di Fraia, S. & Macaluso, A. & Massarotti, N. & Vanoli, L., 2018. "A geothermal energy system for wastewater sludge drying and electricity production in a small island," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 130-143.
    6. Surroop, Dinesh & Raghoo, Pravesh & Bundhoo, Zumar M.A., 2018. "Comparison of energy systems in Small Island Developing States," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 46-54.
    7. Gils, Hans Christian & Simon, Sonja, 2017. "Carbon neutral archipelago – 100% renewable energy supply for the Canary Islands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 342-355.
    8. Walter Leal Filho & Abdul-Lateef Balogun & Dinesh Surroop & Amanda Lange Salvia & Kapil Narula & Chunlan Li & Julian David Hunt & Andrea Gatto & Ayyoob Sharifi & Haibo Feng & Stella Tsani & Hossein Az, 2022. "Realising the Potential of Renewable Energy as a Tool for Energy Security in Small Island Developing States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-21, April.
    9. Psarros, Georgios N. & Papathanassiou, Stavros A., 2023. "Generation scheduling in island systems with variable renewable energy sources: A literature review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1105-1124.
    10. Padrón, Isidro & Avila, Deivis & Marichal, Graciliano N. & Rodríguez, José A., 2019. "Assessment of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems to supplied energy to Autonomous Desalination Systems in two islands of the Canary Archipelago," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 221-230.
    11. Gioutsos, Dean Marcus & Blok, Kornelis & van Velzen, Leonore & Moorman, Sjoerd, 2018. "Cost-optimal electricity systems with increasing renewable energy penetration for islands across the globe," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 437-449.
    12. Meschede, Henning, 2019. "Increased utilisation of renewable energies through demand response in the water supply sector – A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 810-817.
    13. Sabine, Garabedian & Avotra, Narindranjanahary & Olivia, Ricci & Sandrine, Selosse, 2020. "A macroeconomic evaluation of a carbon tax in overseas territories: A CGE model for Reunion Island," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    14. Keiner, Dominik & Salcedo-Puerto, Orlando & Immonen, Ekaterina & van Sark, Wilfried G.J.H.M. & Nizam, Yoosuf & Shadiya, Fathmath & Duval, Justine & Delahaye, Timur & Gulagi, Ashish & Breyer, Christian, 2022. "Powering an island energy system by offshore floating technologies towards 100% renewables: A case for the Maldives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    15. Pascasio, Jethro Daniel A. & Esparcia, Eugene A. & Castro, Michael T. & Ocon, Joey D., 2021. "Comparative assessment of solar photovoltaic-wind hybrid energy systems: A case for Philippine off-grid islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1589-1607.
    16. Surroop, Dinesh & Raghoo, Pravesh, 2018. "Renewable energy to improve energy situation in African island states," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 176-183.
    17. Roham Torabi & Álvaro Gomes & F. Morgado-Dias, 2021. "Energy Transition on Islands with the Presence of Electric Vehicles: A Case Study for Porto Santo," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.
    18. Raghoo, Pravesh & Surroop, Dinesh & Wolf, Franziska, 2017. "Natural gas to improve energy security in Small Island Developing States: A techno-economic analysis," Development Engineering, Elsevier, vol. 2(C), pages 92-98.
    19. Mendoza-Vizcaino, Javier & Raza, Muhammad & Sumper, Andreas & Díaz-González, Francisco & Galceran-Arellano, Samuel, 2019. "Integral approach to energy planning and electric grid assessment in a renewable energy technology integration for a 50/50 target applied to a small island," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 524-543.
    20. Beccali, M. & Ciulla, G. & Di Pietra, B. & Galatioto, A. & Leone, G. & Piacentino, A., 2017. "Assessing the feasibility of cogeneration retrofit and district heating/cooling networks in small Italian islands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2572-2586.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:227:y:2018:i:c:p:18-27. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.