IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v109y2013icp182-191.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Green energy: Water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel engines

Author

Listed:
  • Chang, Yu-Cheng
  • Lee, Wen-Jhy
  • Lin, Sheng-Lun
  • Wang, Lin-Chi

Abstract

Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) is considered a “green” energy resource because it emits less carbon than many other fuels and is produced from biomass that is non-edible. To simulate the use of ABE fermentation products without dehydration and no addition of surfactants, a series of water-containing ABE-diesel blends were investigated. By integrating the diesel engine generator (DEG) and diesel engine dynamometer (DED) results, it was found that a diesel emulsion with 20vol.% ABE-solution and 0.5vol.% water (ABE20W0.5) enhanced the brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) by 3.26–8.56%. In addition, the emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the toxicity equivalency of PAHs (BaPeq) were reduced by 5.82–61.6%, 3.69–16.4%, 0.699–31.1%, and 2.58–40.2%, respectively, when compared to regular diesel. These benefits resulted from micro-explosion mechanisms, which were caused by water-in-oil droplets, the greater ABE oxygen content, and the cooling effect that is caused by the high vaporization heat of water-containing ABE. Consequently, ABE20W0.5, which is produced by environmentally benign processes (without dehydration and no addition of surfactants), can be a good alternative to diesel because it can improve energy efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Lin, Sheng-Lun & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2013. "Green energy: Water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 182-191.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:109:y:2013:i:c:p:182-191
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.086
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261913002821
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.086?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qi, D.H. & Chen, H. & Geng, L.M. & Bian, Y.ZH. & Ren, X.CH., 2010. "Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-diesel-methanol blend fuelled engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(5), pages 1679-1686, May.
    2. Xue, Jinlin & Grift, Tony E. & Hansen, Alan C., 2011. "Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1098-1116, February.
    3. Mohamed Ismail, Harun & Ng, Hoon Kiat & Queck, Cheen Wei & Gan, Suyin, 2012. "Artificial neural networks modelling of engine-out responses for a light-duty diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 769-777.
    4. Pandian, M. & Sivapirakasam, S.P. & Udayakumar, M., 2011. "Investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with pongamia biodiesel-d," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(8), pages 2663-2676, August.
    5. Ng, Jo-Han & Ng, Hoon Kiat & Gan, Suyin, 2012. "Characterisation of engine-out responses from a light-duty diesel engine fuelled with palm methyl ester (PME)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 58-67.
    6. Rakopoulos, C.D. & Dimaratos, A.M. & Giakoumis, E.G. & Rakopoulos, D.C., 2011. "Study of turbocharged diesel engine operation, pollutant emissions and combustion noise radiation during starting with bio-diesel or n-butanol diesel fuel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 3905-3916.
    7. Searchinger, Timothy & Heimlich, Ralph & Houghton, R. A. & Dong, Fengxia & Elobeid, Amani & Fabiosa, Jacinto F. & Tokgoz, Simla & Hayes, Dermot J. & Yu, Hun-Hsiang, 2008. "Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change," Staff General Research Papers Archive 12881, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    8. Yilmaz, Nadir, 2012. "Comparative analysis of biodiesel–ethanol–diesel and biodiesel–methanol–diesel blends in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 210-213.
    9. Demirbas, Ayhan, 2011. "Biodiesel from oilgae, biofixation of carbon dioxide by microalgae: A solution to pollution problems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3541-3547.
    10. Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C., 2010. "Investigating the emissions during acceleration of a turbocharged diesel engine operating with bio-diesel or n-butanol diesel fuel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5173-5184.
    11. Muralidharan, K. & Vasudevan, D., 2011. "Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 3959-3968.
    12. Fu, Geng & Zhao, Changlu & Liu, Bolan & Zhang, Fujun & Pang, Siping & Li, Yuchuan, 2012. "Investigation on the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel–azides blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 98-102.
    13. Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Rajamanoharan, K., 2009. "Experimental investigations of performance and emissions of Karanja oil and its blends in a single cylinder agricultural diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(1), pages 106-112, January.
    14. Hulwan, Dattatray Bapu & Joshi, Satishchandra V., 2011. "Performance, emission and combustion characteristic of a multicylinder DI diesel engine running on diesel–ethanol–biodiesel blends of high ethanol content," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 5042-5055.
    15. Lee, Wen-Jhy & Liu, Yi-Cheng & Mwangi, Francis Kimani & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Sheng-Lun & Fukushima, Yasuhiro & Liao, Chao-Ning & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2011. "Assessment of energy performance and air pollutant emissions in a diesel engine generator fueled with water-containing ethanol–biodiesel–diesel blend of fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5591-5599.
    16. Wang, Hewu & Hao, Han & Li, Xihao & Zhang, Ke & Ouyang, Minggao, 2009. "Performance of Euro III common rail heavy duty diesel engine fueled with Gas to Liquid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(10), pages 2257-2261, October.
    17. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D., 2011. "Experimental study of combustion noise radiation during transient turbocharged diesel engine operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 4983-4995.
    18. Rajasekar, E. & Murugesan, A. & Subramanian, R. & Nedunchezhian, N., 2010. "Review of NOx reduction technologies in CI engines fuelled with oxygenated biomass fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 2113-2121, September.
    19. Guido, Chiara & Beatrice, Carlo & Napolitano, Pierpaolo, 2013. "Application of bioethanol/RME/diesel blend in a Euro5 automotive diesel engine: Potentiality of closed loop combustion control technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 13-23.
    20. Wu, Horng-Wen & Wu, Zhan-Yi, 2013. "Using Taguchi method on combustion performance of a diesel engine with diesel/biodiesel blend and port-inducting H2," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 362-370.
    21. Li, De-gang & Zhen, Huang & Xingcai, Lŭ & Wu-gao, Zhang & Jian-guang, Yang, 2005. "Physico-chemical properties of ethanol–diesel blend fuel and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 967-976.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bora, Plaban & Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti & Boro, Jutika & Phukan, Mayur Mausoom & Deka, Dhanapati & Konwar, Bolin Kumar, 2014. "Hybrid biofuels from non-edible oils: A comparative standpoint with corresponding biodiesel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 450-460.
    2. Han, Kai & Liu, Yu & Wang, Chengxin & Tian, Junjian & Song, Zhihui & Lin, Qizhao & Meng, Kesheng, 2021. "Experimental study on the evaporation characteristics of biodiesel-ABE blended droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    3. Tsai, Tsung-Yu & Lo, Yung-Chung & Dong, Cheng-Di & Nagarajan, Dillirani & Chang, Jo-Shu & Lee, Duu-Jong, 2020. "Biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass using immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    4. Kumar, Himansh & Sarma, A.K. & Kumar, Pramod, 2020. "A comprehensive review on preparation, characterization, and combustion characteristics of microemulsion based hybrid biofuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    5. Ogunkoya, Dolanimi & Li, Shuai & Rojas, Orlando J. & Fang, Tiegang, 2015. "Performance, combustion, and emissions in a diesel engine operated with fuel-in-water emulsions based on lignin," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 851-861.
    6. Lei Meng & Chunnian Zeng & Yuqiang Li & Karthik Nithyanandan & Timothy H. Lee & Chia-fon Lee, 2016. "An Experimental Study on the Potential Usage of Acetone as an Oxygenate Additive in PFI SI Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-20, March.
    7. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    8. Zhou, Nan & Huo, Ming & Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Wang, Qingnian, 2014. "Low temperature spray combustion of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 104-115.
    9. Yuanxu Li & Zhi Ning & Chia-fon F. Lee & Timothy H. Lee & Junhao Yan, 2018. "Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    10. Mwangi, John Kennedy & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Chang, Yu-Cheng & Chen, Chia-Yang & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2015. "An overview: Energy saving and pollution reduction by using green fuel blends in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 214-236.
    11. Rezaei, Javad & Shahbakhti, Mahdi & Bahri, Bahram & Aziz, Azhar Abdul, 2015. "Performance prediction of HCCI engines with oxygenated fuels using artificial neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 460-473.
    12. Zhang, Yu & Huang, Ronghua & Huang, Yuhan & Huang, Sheng & Zhou, Pei & Chen, Xi & Qin, Tian, 2018. "Experimental study on combustion characteristics of an n-butanol-biodiesel droplet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 490-499.
    13. Mohankumar, S. & Senthilkumar, P., 2017. "Particulate matter formation and its control methodologies for diesel engine: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1227-1238.
    14. Zhang, Zhiqing & Li, Jiangtao & Tian, Jie & Dong, Rui & Zou, Zhi & Gao, Sheng & Tan, Dongli, 2022. "Performance, combustion and emission characteristics investigations on a diesel engine fueled with diesel/ ethanol /n-butanol blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    15. Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2017. "Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol–, isobutanol–, ethanol–, methanol–, and acetone–gasoline blends: A comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 404-413.
    16. Li, Yuqiang & Meng, Lei & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Timothy H. & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Liao, Shengming, 2017. "Experimental investigation of a spark ignition engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 43-54.
    17. Leng, Lijian & Li, Hui & Yuan, Xingzhong & Zhou, Wenguang & Huang, Huajun, 2018. "Bio-oil upgrading by emulsification/microemulsification: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 214-232.
    18. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Ma, Xiaokang & Chen, Hao & Song, Guoqian & Ni, Zhaojing, 2017. "An experimental study of the burning characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 853-861.
    19. Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Zhang, Jiaxiang & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Timothy H. & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Zhang, Chunhua, 2015. "Impacts of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) ratio on spray and combustion characteristics of ABE–diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 367-378.
    20. Zhang, Yu & Huang, Ronghua & Chen, Xi & Qin, Tian & Huang, Sheng & Zhou, Pei & Lou, Chun, 2019. "Experimental study on auto-ignition characteristics of a butanol-hexadecane droplet under elevated pressures and temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 654-665.
    21. Li, Yuqiang & Chen, Yong & Wu, Gang & Liu, Jiangwei, 2018. "Experimental evaluation of water-containing isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blend as a fuel candidate in spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 42-52.
    22. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Zhao, Changlu & Ni, Zhaojing & Qi, Zhengda, 2019. "An experimental study of the puffing and evaporation characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 331-340.
    23. Ashraf Elfasakhany, 2021. "State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-26, February.
    24. Ismael, Mhadi A. & Heikal, Morgan R. & Aziz, A. Rashid A. & Syah, Firman & Zainal A., Ezrann Z. & Crua, Cyril, 2018. "The effect of fuel injection equipment on the dispersed phase of water-in-diesel emulsions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 762-771.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Wang, Lin-Chi & Yang, Hsi-Hsien & Cheng, Man-Ting & Lu, Jau-Huai & Tsai, Ying I. & Young, Li-Hao, 2014. "Effects of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel on the toxic organic pollutant emissions from a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 631-638.
    2. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    3. Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Wu, Tser Son & Wu, Chang-Yu & Chen, Shui-Jen, 2014. "Use of water containing acetone–butanol–ethanol for NOx-PM (nitrogen oxide-particulate matter) trade-off in the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 678-687.
    4. Kumar, Satish & Cho, Jae Hyun & Park, Jaedeuk & Moon, Il, 2013. "Advances in diesel–alcohol blends and their effects on the performance and emissions of diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 46-72.
    5. Tamilselvan, P. & Nallusamy, N. & Rajkumar, S., 2017. "A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1134-1159.
    6. Tan, Pi-qiang & Ruan, Shuai-shuai & Hu, Zhi-yuan & Lou, Di-ming & Li, Hu, 2014. "Particle number emissions from a light-duty diesel engine with biodiesel fuels under transient-state operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 22-31.
    7. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C., 2013. "Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 170-190.
    8. An, H. & Yang, W.M. & Chou, S.K. & Chua, K.J., 2012. "Combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel engine fueled by biodiesel at partial load conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 363-371.
    9. Zaharin, M.S.M. & Abdullah, N.R. & Najafi, G. & Sharudin, H. & Yusaf, T., 2017. "Effects of physicochemical properties of biodiesel fuel blends with alcohol on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 475-493.
    10. Atmanli, Alpaslan & Ileri, Erol & Yilmaz, Nadir, 2016. "Optimization of diesel–butanol–vegetable oil blend ratios based on engine operating parameters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 569-580.
    11. Mukhtar, M.N.A. & Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A. Adam & Abd Aziz, Abd Rashid, 2019. "Tri-fuel emulsion with secondary atomization attributes for greener diesel engine – A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 490-506.
    12. Tse, H. & Leung, C.W. & Cheung, C.S., 2015. "Investigation on the combustion characteristics and particulate emissions from a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 343-350.
    13. Hoseini, S.S. & Najafi, G. & Ghobadian, B. & Mamat, Rizalman & Sidik, Nor Azwadi Che & Azmi, W.H., 2017. "The effect of combustion management on diesel engine emissions fueled with biodiesel-diesel blends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 307-331.
    14. Li, Bowen & Li, Yanfei & Liu, Haoye & Liu, Fang & Wang, Zhi & Wang, Jianxin, 2017. "Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel/PODE blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 425-431.
    15. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    16. Mofijur, M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Ashrafur Rahman, S.M. & Mahmudul, H.M., 2015. "Energy scenario and biofuel policies and targets in ASEAN countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 51-61.
    17. Campos-Fernández, Javier & Arnal, Juan M. & Gómez, Jose & Dorado, M. Pilar, 2012. "A comparison of performance of higher alcohols/diesel fuel blends in a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 267-275.
    18. Mwangi, John Kennedy & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Chang, Yu-Cheng & Chen, Chia-Yang & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2015. "An overview: Energy saving and pollution reduction by using green fuel blends in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 214-236.
    19. Macor, A. & Avella, F. & Faedo, D., 2011. "Effects of 30% v/v biodiesel/diesel fuel blend on regulated and unregulated pollutant emissions from diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4989-5001.
    20. Yusri, I.M. & Mamat, R. & Najafi, G. & Razman, A. & Awad, Omar I. & Azmi, W.H. & Ishak, W.F.W. & Shaiful, A.I.M., 2017. "Alcohol based automotive fuels from first four alcohol family in compression and spark ignition engine: A review on engine performance and exhaust emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 169-181.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:109:y:2013:i:c:p:182-191. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.