IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v149y2015icp367-378.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impacts of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) ratio on spray and combustion characteristics of ABE–diesel blends

Author

Listed:
  • Wu, Han
  • Nithyanandan, Karthik
  • Zhang, Jiaxiang
  • Lin, Yilu
  • Lee, Timothy H.
  • Lee, Chia-fon F.
  • Zhang, Chunhua

Abstract

Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE), the intermediate product while producing bio-butanol, has been proposed to be used as an alternative fuel directly to reduce the butanol recovery/separation costs. It is important to understand how the ABE ratio influences the combustion process because of the large differences in physical and chemical properties between the ABE components and diesel. Therefore, a wide range of ratios of ABE (0%, 20%, 50%, and 80% in volume referred to as D100, ABE20, ABE50 and ABE80 respectively) were blended with diesel and combusted in a constant volume chamber under various ambient temperatures (1200K, 1000K, and 800K) and various ambient oxygen concentrations (21%, 16%, and 11%). Mie scattering images of the liquid spray and broadband flame luminosity images were captured by a high speed camera coupled with a copper vapor laser beam as light source. The results show that ABE20 exhibits spray characteristics similar to those of D100 while ABE50 exhibits spray characteristics similar to those of ABE80. However, the sprays of ABE50 and ABE80 are much shorter and narrower compared to those of D100 and ABE20. It is predicted that there exists a critical ratio between 20% and 50% for ABE, beyond which the spray characteristics of the blend will be dominated by ABE. The intermediate ABE blend, ABE50 achieves a shorter ignition delay (slightly longer than that of D100) and combustion duration compared to those of ABE20 and ABE80 because of its improved spray performance and relatively low latent heat and high cetane number. The natural flame luminosity is found to be reduced significantly with an increasing ABE ratio due to the fuel-borne oxygen that accelerates soot oxidation along with longer flame lift-off length that effectively decreases the equivalence ratio in the combustion region. Overall, ABE50 is the blend that displays combustion characteristics similar to neat diesel while achieving a shorter combustion duration and lower natural flame luminosity. Thus, ABE50 could potentially increase thermal efficiency and decrease soot emissions when applied in diesel engines.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Zhang, Jiaxiang & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Timothy H. & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Zhang, Chunhua, 2015. "Impacts of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) ratio on spray and combustion characteristics of ABE–diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 367-378.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:149:y:2015:i:c:p:367-378
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.053
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914012227
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.053?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. García, Verónica & Päkkilä, Johanna & Ojamo, Heikki & Muurinen, Esa & Keiski, Riitta L., 2011. "Challenges in biobutanol production: How to improve the efficiency?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 964-980, February.
    2. Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Wu, Tser Son & Wu, Chang-Yu & Chen, Shui-Jen, 2014. "Use of water containing acetone–butanol–ethanol for NOx-PM (nitrogen oxide-particulate matter) trade-off in the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 678-687.
    3. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D., 2011. "Experimental study of combustion noise radiation during transient turbocharged diesel engine operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 4983-4995.
    4. Rakopoulos, C.D. & Dimaratos, A.M. & Giakoumis, E.G. & Rakopoulos, D.C., 2011. "Study of turbocharged diesel engine operation, pollutant emissions and combustion noise radiation during starting with bio-diesel or n-butanol diesel fuel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 3905-3916.
    5. Jin, Chao & Yao, Mingfa & Liu, Haifeng & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Ji, Jing, 2011. "Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4080-4106.
    6. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C., 2013. "Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 170-190.
    7. Kumar, Satish & Cho, Jae Hyun & Park, Jaedeuk & Moon, Il, 2013. "Advances in diesel–alcohol blends and their effects on the performance and emissions of diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 46-72.
    8. Zhou, Nan & Huo, Ming & Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Wang, Qingnian, 2014. "Low temperature spray combustion of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 104-115.
    9. Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Lin, Sheng-Lun & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2013. "Green energy: Water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 182-191.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pereira, L.G. & Dias, M.O.S. & Mariano, A.P. & Maciel Filho, R. & Bonomi, A., 2015. "Economic and environmental assessment of n-butanol production in an integrated first and second generation sugarcane biorefinery: Fermentative versus catalytic routes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 120-131.
    2. Han, Kai & Liu, Yu & Wang, Chengxin & Tian, Junjian & Song, Zhihui & Lin, Qizhao & Meng, Kesheng, 2021. "Experimental study on the evaporation characteristics of biodiesel-ABE blended droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    3. Li, Gang & Lee, Timothy H. & Liu, Zhien & Lee, Chiafon F. & Zhang, Chunhua, 2019. "Effects of injection strategies on combustion and emission characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with isopropanol-butanol-ethanol and diesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 677-686.
    4. Kalil Rahiman, M. & Santhoshkumar, S. & Subramaniam, D. & Avinash, A. & Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan, 2022. "Effects of oxygenated fuel pertaining to fuel analysis on diesel engine combustion and emission characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    5. Zhang, Yu & Huang, Ronghua & Huang, Yuhan & Huang, Sheng & Ma, Yinjie & Xu, Shijie & Zhou, Pei, 2018. "Effect of ambient temperature on the puffing characteristics of single butanol-hexadecane droplet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 430-441.
    6. Ma, Yinjie & Huang, Sheng & Huang, Ronghua & Zhang, Yu & Xu, Shijie, 2017. "Ignition and combustion characteristics of n-pentanol–diesel blends in a constant volume chamber," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 519-530.
    7. Zhang, Qiankun & Xia, Jin & Wang, Jianping & He, Zhuoyao & Zhao, Wenbin & Qian, Yong & Zheng, Liang & Liu, Rui & Lu, Xingcai, 2022. "Experimental study on ignition and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-butanol blends at different injection pressures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    8. Tsai, Tsung-Yu & Lo, Yung-Chung & Dong, Cheng-Di & Nagarajan, Dillirani & Chang, Jo-Shu & Lee, Duu-Jong, 2020. "Biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass using immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    9. Yangxun Liu & Weinan Liu & Huihong Liao & Wenhua Zhou & Cangsu Xu, 2021. "An Experimental and Kinetic Modelling Study on Laminar Premixed Flame Characteristics of Ethanol/Acetone Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
    10. Feng, Hongqing & Chen, Xiaofan & Sun, Liangliang & Ma, Ruixiu & Zhang, Xiuxia & Zhu, Lijun & Yang, Chaohe, 2023. "The effect of methanol/diesel fuel blends with co-solvent on diesel engine combustion based on experiment and exergy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    11. Mukhtar, M.N.A. & Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A. Adam & Abd Aziz, Abd Rashid, 2019. "Tri-fuel emulsion with secondary atomization attributes for greener diesel engine – A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 490-506.
    12. Li, Yuqiang & Meng, Lei & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Timothy H. & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Liao, Shengming, 2017. "Experimental investigation of a spark ignition engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 43-54.
    13. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Ma, Xiaokang & Chen, Hao & Song, Guoqian & Ni, Zhaojing, 2017. "An experimental study of the burning characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 853-861.
    14. Du, Wei & Zhang, Qiankun & Zhang, Zheng & Lou, Juejue & Bao, Wenhua, 2018. "Effects of injection pressure on ignition and combustion characteristics of impinging diesel spray," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 1163-1168.
    15. Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad & Wandel, Andrew P. & Yusaf, Talal & Hamawand, Ihsan, 2017. "The impact of n-butanol and iso-butanol as components of butanol-acetone (BA) mixture-diesel blend on spray, combustion characteristics, engine performance and emission in direct injection diesel engi," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1074-1086.
    16. Zhou, Ziyuan & Liu, Dehua & Zhao, Xuebing, 2021. "Conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels and chemicals via sugar platform: An updated review on chemistry and mechanisms of acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    17. Yuan, Zhipeng & Fu, Jianqin & Liu, Qi & Ma, Yinjie & Zhan, Zhangsong, 2018. "Quantitative study on influence factors of power performance of variable valve timing (VVT) engines and correction of its governing equation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 314-326.
    18. Li, Yuqiang & Chen, Yong & Wu, Gang & Liu, Jiangwei, 2018. "Experimental evaluation of water-containing isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blend as a fuel candidate in spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 42-52.
    19. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Zhao, Changlu & Ni, Zhaojing & Qi, Zhengda, 2019. "An experimental study of the puffing and evaporation characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 331-340.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Yuqiang & Chen, Yong & Wu, Gang & Liu, Jiangwei, 2018. "Experimental evaluation of water-containing isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blend as a fuel candidate in spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 42-52.
    2. Li, Yuqiang & Meng, Lei & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Timothy H. & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Liao, Shengming, 2017. "Experimental investigation of a spark ignition engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 43-54.
    3. Yuanxu Li & Zhi Ning & Chia-fon F. Lee & Timothy H. Lee & Junhao Yan, 2018. "Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Jufang Zhang & Xiumin Yu & Zezhou Guo & Yinan Li & Jiahua Zhang & Dongjie Liu, 2022. "Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine with Gasoline Port Injection Plus Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) Direct Injection under Different Speeds and Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-22, September.
    5. Duan, Xiongbo & Xu, Zhengxin & Sun, Xingyu & Deng, Banglin & Liu, Jingping, 2021. "Effects of injection timing and EGR on combustion and emissions characteristics of the diesel engine fuelled with acetone–butanol–ethanol/diesel blend fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    6. Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2017. "Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol–, isobutanol–, ethanol–, methanol–, and acetone–gasoline blends: A comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 404-413.
    7. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D., 2016. "Combustion noise radiation during dynamic diesel engine operation including effects of various biofuel blends: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1099-1113.
    8. Li, Yuanxu & Ning, Zhi & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Yan, Junhao & Lee, Timothy H., 2019. "Effect of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)–gasoline blends on regulated and unregulated emissions in spark-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1157-1167.
    9. Atmanli, Alpaslan & Ileri, Erol & Yuksel, Bedri & Yilmaz, Nadir, 2015. "Extensive analyses of diesel–vegetable oil–n-butanol ternary blends in a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 155-162.
    10. Bergthorson, Jeffrey M. & Thomson, Murray J., 2015. "A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1393-1417.
    11. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C., 2013. "Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 170-190.
    12. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    13. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    14. Kujawska, Anna & Kujawski, Jan & Bryjak, Marek & Kujawski, Wojciech, 2015. "ABE fermentation products recovery methods—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 648-661.
    15. Rezaei, Javad & Shahbakhti, Mahdi & Bahri, Bahram & Aziz, Azhar Abdul, 2015. "Performance prediction of HCCI engines with oxygenated fuels using artificial neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 460-473.
    16. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Zhao, Changlu & Ni, Zhaojing & Qi, Zhengda, 2019. "An experimental study of the puffing and evaporation characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 331-340.
    17. Liu, Haifeng & Li, Shanju & Zheng, Zunqing & Xu, Jia & Yao, Mingfa, 2013. "Effects of n-butanol, 2-butanol, and methyl octynoate addition to diesel fuel on combustion and emissions over a wide range of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 246-256.
    18. Arbab, M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Varman, M. & Kalam, M.A. & Imtenan, S. & Sajjad, H., 2013. "Fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristic of common biodiesels as a renewable and sustainable source of fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 133-147.
    19. Zhang, Yu & Huang, Ronghua & Huang, Yuhan & Huang, Sheng & Zhou, Pei & Chen, Xi & Qin, Tian, 2018. "Experimental study on combustion characteristics of an n-butanol-biodiesel droplet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 490-499.
    20. Rajesh Kumar, B. & Saravanan, S., 2016. "Use of higher alcohol biofuels in diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 84-115.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:149:y:2015:i:c:p:367-378. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.